Chapter 7: Thinking and Intelligence

The following sentence misuses the word accept: "I'll take all the cupcakes accept the one with cream cheese icing." Which part of language involves knowing the proper use of the word accept? A. concept B. grammar C. lexicon D. prototype

C. lexicon

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept? A. categories of psychology B. dog breeds C. patriotism D. types of cars

C. patriotism

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________. A. automatic B. concepts C. diverse D. stereotypes

A. automatic

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. A. interpersonal; intrapersonal B. intrapersonal; naturalist C. logical-mathematical; interpersonal D. musical; linguistic

A. interpersonal; intrapersonal

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve? A. Flynn effect B. norming C. population size D. sample size

D. sample size

Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body's movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify? A. bodily-kinesthetic B. intrapersonal C. logical-mathematical D. spatial

A. bodily kinesthetic

________ and ________ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. A. emotion; memory B. feeling; remembering C. recall; retention D. recollection; sentiment

A. emotion; memory

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language. A. grammar B. lexicon C. syntax D. thesaurus

A. grammar

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily? A. mild B. moderate C. profound D. severe

A. mild

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. A. academic B. analytical C. creative D. practical

B. analytical

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________. A. algorithm B. availability heuristic C. functional fixedness D. hindsight bias

B. availability heuristic

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. A. anchoring B. confirmation C. hindsight D. representational

B. confirmation

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________. A. behaviors B. experiences C. personality D. socialization

B. experiences

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept. A. model B. natural C. prototype D. unnatural

B. natural

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________. A. known; unknown B. natural; artificial C. realizable; unrealizable D. unnatural; unidentified

B. natural; artificial

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have? A. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) B. comorbidity C. dysgraphia D. dyslexia

C. dysgraphia

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have? A. dysfunction B. dysgraphia C. dyslexia D. dysthymia

C. dyslexia

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ________, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing. A. infiltrate B. innovate C. integrate D. intensify

C. integrate

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________. A. availability heuristic B. confirmation bias C. representational bias D. stereotype bias

C. representational bias

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. A. artificial B. event C. role D. script

C. role

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence. A. analytic B. common sense C. crystallized D. fluid

D. fluid

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________. A. confirmation bias B. functional fixedness C. hindsight bias D. mental set

D. mental set

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence. A. bodily kinesthetic B. logical-mathematical C. naturalist D. spatial

D. spatial

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________. A. actions B. chemicals C. subconscious D. thoughts

D. thoughts