Chapter 7
T/F: In oil panting, linseed oil acts as a support.
False
T/F: Inert white pigment is used in gouache to make the colors transparent.
False
T/F: The canvas, paper, wood, wall, or other surface on which artists apply paint is known as a vehicle.
False
T/F: Traditionally, tempera was used on a glass panel support prepared with gesso.
False
T/F: Watercolor's primary characteristic is its ease of revision.
False
T/F: Watercolorists never allow the white surface of the paper to be seen through their paint.
False
Considered one of the leading figures in 20th century American art, the painter ____________ ____________ studied at the Harlem Art Workshop.
Jacob Lawrence
Italian Renaissance artists Michelangelo and ____________ were both employed by Pope Julius II to paint frescoes.
Raphael
T/F: Both Raphael and Michelangelo worked in the medium of fresco.
True
T/F: By the 1950s, new synthetic paint, also called acrylic paint, would challenge oil paints as the principal painting medium.
True
T/F: During the Renaissance, tapestry designs were produced as cartoons similar to frescoes.
True
T/F: Like many artists of the era, Petrus Christus employed oils, but often painted with them on wood panels.
True
T/F: One of the advantages of oil painting is that it dries very slowly. This allows for the painting to be reworked indefinitely.
True
T/F: Synthetic paints are often referred to as polymer or acrylic paints.
True
T/F: Traditional Chinese artists used ink sticks and they are the oldest painting medium in continuous use.
True
T/F: Wilfredo Lam sometimes includes references to Santeria in his paintings.
True
____________ painting medium, developed after chemists created strong, weatherproof, industrial paints, has challenged the supremacy of oil painting.
acrylic
A paint medium created with acrylic resin, polymerized through emulsion in water.
acrylics
Italian for "all in one go." In oil painting, the technique of completing a painting in a single session, as opposed to building it up slowly over a period of time.
alla prima
Painting media diluted with water.
aqueous
A substance in paints that causes particles of pigment to adhere to one another and to a support.
binder
When pigment is applied to a wet plaster wall. Also called true fresco.
buon fresco
A full-scale preparatory drawing for a fresco or mural.
cartoon
In fresco painting, a drawing called a ____________ is transferred to the prepared surface prior to applying the pigment.
cartoon
Painting medium in which the binder is wax, which is heated to render the paints fluid.
encaustic
The painting technique used in the first century in Egypt, Greece, and Rome that involves the use of wax is ____________.
encaustic
Two ancient painting media that are still in use today are ____________ and fresco.
encaustic
When a pigment wash is applied to a dry plaster wall. Also called dry fresco.
fresco secco
A brilliant white undercoating made of inert white pigment such as chalk or plaster and used as a ground for paint.
gesso
____________ is a mixture of white pigment and glue that seals a support and can be sanded and rubbed to a smooth, ivory-like finish.
gesso
In oil painting, a thin, translucent layer of color, generally applied over another color.
glaze
A form of watercolor with inert white pigment added to make the colors opaque.
gouache
An opaque watercolor paint with inert white pigment added.
gouache
Wilfredo Lam in The Jungle explored transparency and opacity in the ____________ medium.
gouache
Encaustic painting requires the application of a ____________ source close to the surface to fuse the colors on a completed painting.
heat
Italian for "paste." A thick application of paint, typically using paint directly from the tube and a palette knife to apply the paint to a support.
impasto
The technique of thickly applying layers of paint is known as ____________.
impasto
The technique of creating a design or image by arranging bits of colored ceramic, stone, glass, or other suitable material, and fixing them into a bed of cement or plaster.
mosaic
A ____________ paint is one that dissolves in something other than water.
nonaqueous
Painting media that needs to be diluted with something other than water.
nonaqueous
____________ paint dries so slowly that the finished painting may not be completely dry for months.
oil
Pigment compounded with linseed oil. Became the most popular method of painting for over 500 years.
oil paints
The substance which provides the color in paint is known as ____________.
pigment
A preliminary coating applied to a painting support to improve adhesion of paints.
primer
The surface on which a work of 2D art is made.
support
An elaborate textile meant to be hung from a wall and features images and motifs produced by various weaving techniques.
tapestry
Paint in which the pigment is compounded with an aqueous, emulsified vehicle such as egg yolk.
tempera
In mosaic, a small, usually cubic piece of colored ceramic, stone, or glass, used as the basic unit of composition.
tessera
Mosaic is made of small, closely spaced particles called ____________ embedded in a binder such as mortar or cement.
tesserae
Watercolor's primary characteristic is its ____________.
transparency
A liquid compounded with pigment to make paint, often acting as a binder.
vehicle
A painting medium in which the binder is gum arabic.
watercolor
In buon fresco, or true fresco, pigment is mixed with water and applied to ____________ plaster.
wet
The 20th century master of the fresco technique who created the work Mixtec Culture is ____________ ____________.
Diego Rivera
T/F: A vehicle is the pigment in paint.
False
T/F: Acrylic is an example of a nonaqueous medium.
False
T/F: After building a canvas and before painting it, a painter generally applies a coat of linseed oil.
False
T/F: Egg tempera paints are customarily used in the technique of air-brushing.
False
T/F: Impasto is watercolor that has been made opaque by adding inert white pigment to it.
False
T/F: In buon fresco, or true fresco, pigment is mixed with water and applied to dry plaster.
False
