Chapter 7

which movement patterns are included in the frontal plane?

abduction, adduction, inversion & eversion of the foot and ankle complex

what is known as the primary mover for a joint motion?

agonist

what are the primary muscles providing force for a movement?

agonists

muscle imbalance is typically d/t what phenomenon?

altered reciprocal inhibition

what muscles are on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles?

antagonists

the description of a joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide and spin

arthrokinematics

where do the local muscles generally attach in the body?

at the vertebrae

why is a pull-up a closed chain exercise?

because the hands are in a stationary position while the rest of the body is moving

why is a lat pulldown an open chain exercise?

because the hands are moving while the rest of the body is staying in place

pronation of the foot involves

eversion, dorsiflexion and ankle abduction

what is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?

feed-forward

what are two common movement patterns in the sagittal plane?

flexion / extension

which plane bisects the body into front and back halves?

frontal plane

transferring forces through the LPHC to create the most efficient movements as possible while providing additional support to protect the trunk and spine as the body moves describes the main function of which muscular system?

global

which muscular system is primarily responsible for creating prime mover movements?

global

which movement patterns are included in the transverse plane?

internal and external rotation, R & L rotation, horizontal ab/adduction, radioulnar pronation and supination

supination of the foot involves

inversion, plantar flexion and ankle adduction

what type of muscle contraction is described by a speed of movement that's fixed with varying resistance related to the force that's exerted?

isokinetic

which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

isokinetic

what type of muscle contraction is described by muscles tension that's created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint?

isometric

concentric and eccentric movements are what kind of muscle contraction?

isotonic

what are the three types of muscle contractions?

isotonic, isokinetic and isometric

what is a key mechanism of external feedback?

knowledge of performance and knowledge of results

what muscles make up the lateral subsystem?

lateral hip, medial thigh muscles and the contalateral quadratus lumborum

what muscles make up the posterior oblique system?

latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fasic and contralateral gluteus maximus

if a weight is closer to the point of rotation, is the torque greater or lesser?

lesser

what are the two muscular systems of the body?

local and global

which muscles make up the deep longitudinal system?

lower leg, hamstrings and lower back region, (erector spinae, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus)

local muscular system includes which muscles? local muscles now offer PQRsT, duh

multifidis, pelvic floor, quadratus lumborum, rotares, s, transverse abdominis, diaphragm

most often, open chain exercises are weight/non weight bearing

non weight bearing

what muscles make up the anterior oblique system?

obliques, adductor thigh muscles and the hip external rotators

movement of a limb that is visible

osteokinematics

plantar flexion of the ankle describes what kind of movement?

pointing the toe

what is a key mechanism of internal feedback?

proprioreception

what type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury?

proprioreception

what is the term that describes the nervous systems role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?

reciprocal inhibition

the concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body is called

regional interdependence

which plane bisects the body into L and R sides?

saggital

what are the muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves?

stabilizers

what is known as the muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk/joints as the body moves?

stabilizers

what are the muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement?

synergists

if the amoritzation phase is prolonged, what is a likely consequence?

the stored energy will dissipate and decrease the impact of the concentric phase

which lever is most common for limbs in the body?

third class

bicep curl is an example of which class lever? why?

third, the elbow is the fulcrum, the effort is the biceps and the resistance is being held in the hand

what is the main function of the local muscular system?

to stabilize

dorsiflexion of the ankle describes what kind of movement

toes toward head

during normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?

transverse

which plane bisects the body into upper and lower halves?

transverse

most often, closed chain exercises are weight/non weight bearing

weight

which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements? A. multifidus B. erector spinae C. rectus abdominis D. gluteus maximus

A

which of the following best describes roles of micronutrients in the body? A. they regulate various metabolic processes, including energy metabolism B. they are the primary energy source during short, high-intensity training C. They provide some calories, and they are required for the regulation of muscle protein synthesis and glucose metabolism D. they are the primary source of energy for all physiologic processes

A

change in skilled motor behavior over time throughout the lifespan best describes A. motor learning B. motor development C. motor control

B

the ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements best describes: A. motor learning B. motor control C. motor development

B

integration of motor control processes, through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled motor behavior best describes A. motor control B. motor development C. motor learning

C

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action? A. as the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases B. as the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant C. as the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases D. as the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force also increases

D

appropriately loaded eccentric muscles actions show... A. decreased catabolic hormone stimulation B. increased catabolic hormone stimulaton C. decreased anabolic hormone stimulation D. increased anabolic hormone stimulation

D - anabolic builds molecules in the body, catabolic destroys