Chapter 8-10 retake

Sequoyah developed which of the following to assimilate members of the Cherokee tribe into American life?

A perfected system of writing for the Cherokee language

On whom did President Jackson rely for political advice?

An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet

The candidate who won the greatest number of electoral votes in 1824 was

Andrew Jackson

The candidate who won the greatest number of electoral votes in 1824 was

Andrew Jackson.

What role did Gabriel Prosser play in the debate over slave emancipation in Virginia?

As a slave, he planned a slave uprising in 1800 and was hanged.

The spread of the cultural attitude known as sentimentalism in early nineteenth-century America had which of the following consequences?

It deeply influenced the kind of literature people read and the plays they saw.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the American labor movement in the 1830s?

It devised the labor theory of value, arguing that the price of a product should reflect the labor required to make it and should be paid primarily to the laborer.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the 1844 Catholic-Protestant rioting in Philadelphia?

It erupted when the local Catholic bishop persuaded the city government to allow the Catholic version of the Bible to be used in the city's public schools along with the Protestant version.

Which of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as a justification for destroying the Second Bank of the United States?

It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some of whom were foreigners.

Which of the following statements describes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the American political system before the 1820s?

Local notables dominated it by managing local elections through devices such as loaning money and treating workers or tenants to drinks.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the consumption of alcoholic beverages by workers during the 1820s?

Many workers used alcohol as an escape from the routine of work and smuggled whiskey into the workplace.

In which of the following ways was Chief Justice Roger Taney different from his predecessor, John Marshall?

Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored states' rights.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Second Bank of the United States during Andrew Jackson's presidency?

Most Americans welcomed the Second Bank's policy of forcing unsound western banks to close.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the American party system by the early 1840s?

The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes northern Whigs' economic and political philosophy after the mid-1830s as expressed by Edward Everett?

There was a "holy alliance" among laborers, owners, and governments.

What occurred during the Bad Axe Massacre of 1832?

U.S. troops pursued Black Hawk's followers into Wisconsin and killed 850 of his warriors.

Congressional Whigs were initially united only by their

opposition to Andrew Jackson.

While a U.S. senator for New York, Martin Van Buren created the first national campaign organization in support of Jackson's candidacy by

orchestrating state and local politicians, supervising a national newspaper campaign, and sponsoring meetings of voters to maintain public support.

In the early republic, Benjamin Rush and other leaders argued that women should be educated so they could

oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government.

In the aftermath of the nullification crisis, President Jackson responded to southern concerns about the tariff by

persuading Congress to pass a new tariff that gradually reduced duties.

During the 1840s and 1850s, Roman Catholic churches in the United States

provided community services and a sense of group identity for most Irish and many German immigrants.

Critics of the Commonwealth system that emerged in the United States by 1820 complained that it

restricted the sovereignty of the people by giving power to the corporations.

New York City became the economic center of the United States by the 1830s because it

secured control of foreign trade with Europe and South America.

The Waltham plan

strictly supervised the behavior of its factory workers.

During the 1840s, the Democratic Party vigorously recruited supporters among

subsistence farmers in the North and smallholders in the South.

On October 18, 1840, Daniel Webster addressed a meeting of 1,200 women who were

supporters of Whig programs for moral reform.

John C. Calhoun challenged the northern Whig economic ideology by arguing

that advanced civilizations always had antagonism between workers and capitalists.

John C. Calhoun challenged the northern Whig economic ideology by arguing

that in an advanced civilization there would always be antagonism between workers and capitalists.

The Panic of 1837 began when

the Bank of England, convinced that too much British specie (hard currency) was flowing across the Atlantic, stopped further British investment in the United States.

In early nineteenth-century America,

the rise in political status of ordinary white men was accompanied by a decline in the political rights of women and free blacks.

One reason women took charge of religious and charitable enterprises during and after the Second Great Awakening was because

they were excluded from other public roles.

In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the Court majority issued a decision that

upheld Indian nations' political authority in their communities.

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Jacksonian-era constitutional revolution on the states?

Between 1830 and 1860, twenty states revised their charters and enhanced democracy.

"Fall line" towns, whose growth surged with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, included all of the following except

Cincinnati, Ohio.

In 1834, the Working Men's Party persuaded the Pennsylvania legislature to do which of the following?

Create a free, tax-supported public school system

In the landmark case of Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co. (1837), Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the U.S. Supreme Court did which of the following?

Encouraged competitive enterprise, opening the way for legislatures to charter railroad companies

John Jacob Astor, a prominent New York merchant of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, made his fortune in which trade?

Fur

What was the outcome of President John Quincy Adams' support of the Creeks in their treaty negotiations with the state of Georgia?

Georgia's governor attacked him as a "public enemy" and "ally of the savages."

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people.

Why did Charles Grandison Finney achieve his greatest success as a revivalist by preaching in Rochester, New York, in 1830?

He won over influential merchants and manufacturers who pledged to reform their own lives and those of their workers.

Of the following statesmen, the one most instrumental in arranging the Missouri Compromise was

Henry Clay.

The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions?

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Which of the following did not facilitate the construction of the Eerie Canal?

Invention of steam-powered excavation equipment

The Tariff of 1828

cost southern plantation owners about $100 million a year because it raised the price of British-manufactured goods.

Which of the following statements characterizes the Second Bank of the United States in the 1830s?

Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development.

Which of the following statements characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions toward Native Americans during his presidency?

Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.

Most of the new state constitutions written between 1830 and 1860 did which of the following?

Reapportioned state legislatures on the basis of population

On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790s?

Rule by an elite based on talent

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the response of African Americans to the Second Great Awakening?

Some black Christians depicted God as a liberator who had freed the ancient Hebrews and would similarly lead slaves to deliverance.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the effect of republicanism on childrearing?

Some evidence suggests that because parental discipline relaxed, children treated their parents with less respect.

The 1832 Ordinance of Nullification was based on which of the following beliefs?

States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce.

Which of the following laws required the Treasury department to accept only gold and silver in payment for purchases of federal land?

The Specie Circular

Which of the following describes the ruling by the Roger B. Taney Supreme Court in Mayor of New York v. Miln?

The Taney Court ruled that New York State could inspect the health of arriving immigrants.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the trends in birthrates during the early nineteenth century?

The United States experienced a significant decrease in the birthrate—especially among native-born white women in the growing seaport cities, who averaged only four children.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the presidential campaign of 1840?

The Whigs' campaign was a carnival of speeches, parades, and mass meetings to demonstrate the common-man qualities of their presidential candidate

Working Men's Parties of the late 1820s and 1830s called for which of the following reforms?

The abolition of debtors' prisons

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the operations of the Bank of the United States in the twenty years after its chartering in 1791?

The bank had branches in eight major cities to respond to demands for commercial credit, and its profits averaged 8 percent annually.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the effect of canals and steamboats on the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?

The canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time.

During and after the Revolution, why did the emancipation of slaves proceed very slowly in the northern states?

The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the life of the Irish Catholic immigrants in the US in the late 1840s and 1850s?

They built the same kind of social and cultural networks that other Americans had developed, which helped to sustain them in the face of Protestant hostility

Why did the Irish immigrate to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

They fled a famine caused by severe overpopulation and a devastating blight on the potato crop.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the living conditions of most Irish immigrants?

They were particularly susceptible to the frequent epidemics of infectious diseases, such as cholera.

After 1820, migration patterns of persons settling the American interior did not include which of the following?

Those from New Orleans up the Mississippi River Valley into the Ohio and Missouri valleys

Which of the following was the primary function of the Second Bank of the United States?

To stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to convert their paper money periodically into gold and silver coin

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century?

Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market, but most new settlements were not near navigable streams.

In the election of 1840, Whigs boosted their electoral hopes by appealing to which of the following groups?

Women

As president, John Quincy Adams supported

a national bank to promote a uniform currency and to control credit.

Yeomen and tenant farmers, influenced by the Second Great Awakening,

administered strict discipline to their children.

President Martin Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 by

adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance.

In response to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification, Andrew Jackson

asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification.

Letters from an American Farmer was a

book written by a French essayist in 1782 praising the more just social order in America as opposed to aristocratic Europe.

Members of the early nineteenth-century American middle class

came to share the values of the business elite, even though they lived more modestly.

The Panic of 1819

caused world agricultural prices to drop by 30 percent.

Employers sued many unions in the 1830s, charging the illegality of which of the following practices?

closed-shop agreements

In the 1824 U.S. Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden, the Marshall Court

declared illegal a New York law that granted a monopoly on steamboat travel into New York City.

In 1832, a South Carolina state convention

declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within the state.

The members of the early nineteenth-century American middle class developed an ideology of work that

embraced a secular ideal of business success.

Lyman Beecher, the leading New England clergyman of the first half of the nineteenth century, was a Congregationalist who

emphasized the free will of the believer to do right and obey God.

The purpose of the American Colonization Society was to

encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement in Africa.

Andrew Jackson changed the federal system of office holding by

introducing the principle of rotation in office to discourage long tenure.

The South's political clout, which ensured that the national government would continue to protect slavery, rested on

its domination of the presidency and Senate.

The most outstanding contribution of American mechanics to the Industrial Revolution was the development of

machines capable of making parts for other machines.