Chapter 8

What is a karyotype?

A photograph of all a person's chromosomes

The stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is _____. anaphase telophase cytokinesis metaphase

Anaphase

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false? -Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes. -Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction. -Cell division is necessary for development to occur. -Cell division can reproduce an entire organism.

Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes.

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis is false? -In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice. -Cells produced by mitosis are diploid, whereas cells produced by meiosis are haploid. -In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced. -Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis.

Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis.

A cleavage furrow forms in an animal cell during _____. cytokinesis metaphase anaphase G1 phase

Cytokinesis

The diploid phase of the human life cycle begins with _____. the first division of the zygote mitosis fertilization meiosis

Fertilization

Part complete When examining cells in the laboratory, you notice that a particular cell has half as much DNA as the surrounding cells. This observation can be explained if this cell's cell cycle halted at checkpoint _____. G2 M phase G0 G1

G1

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? metaphase anaphase prophase telophase

Metaphase

Crossing over occurs during _____. prophase II prophase I metaphase II metaphase I

Prophase I

During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur? prophase II metaphase I prophase I interphase I

Prophase I

Synapsis occurs during _____. prophase II prophase I anaphase I telophase I

Prophase I

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form? telophase anaphase prophase metaphase

Telophase

Part complete Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division? -formation of a cell plate -production of four (rather than two) new cells per mitotic division -formation of a cleavage furrow -lack of cytokinesis

formation of a cell plate

Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of a tetrad during anaphase I of meiosis? -It splits into two pairs of homologous, nonsister chromatids, and one pair goes to each pole of the dividing cell. -It goes intact to one pole of the dividing cell. -It splits into two pairs of sister chromatids, and one pair goes to each pole of the dividing cell. -It splits into four chromosomes, which distribute in random pairs to the two poles of the dividing cell.

It splits into two pairs of sister chromatids, and one pair goes to each pole of the dividing cell.

After fertilization, the resulting zygote begins to divide by __________. binary fission schizogony mitosis meiosis

Mitosis

In the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in _____. prophase metaphase anaphase interphase

Prophase

The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is prophase. metaphase. anaphase. interphase.

Prophase

The genetic material is duplicated during G2. G1. the mitotic phase. the S phase.

The S phase

At the end of telophase I of meiosis, as cytokinesis occurs, there are __________. -one haploid ovum and three polar bodies -two diploid cells -two haploid cells -four haploid cells

Two haploid cells

Which of the following variations of the sentence "Where is the cat?" is most like a chromosomal deletion? Where is the the cat? Where is cat? Where the is cat? Where is cat the the cat?

Where is cat?

Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity.

Which of the following statements regarding the function of mitosis is false? -Mitosis allows organisms to repair tissues. -Mitosis allows organisms to grow. -Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity. -Mitosis allows organisms to reproduce asexually.

Which of the following indicates Turner syndrome? XYY XXY XO XXX

XO

Which of the following is a normal human female? View Available Hint(s) XXY X XX XXX

XX

Part complete The function(s) of meiosis is/are _____. --a. reproduction (production of gametes) --b. growth and development --c. tissue repair/replacement of damaged cells --b and c, but not a --a, b, and c

a. reproduction (production of gametes)

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that _____ only occurs in meiosis. -the formation of a spindle -the fragmentation of the nuclear envelope -crossing over -cytokinesis

crossing over

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called telophase. mitosis. cytokinesis. binary fission.

cytokinesis

Meiosis starts with _____ cells and produces _____ gametes. diploid ... haploid diploid ... diploid haploid ... haploid haploid ... diploid

diploid ... haploid

At the conclusion of meiosis I, the daughter cells are _____. -diploid and the tetrads have separated -haploid and the tetrads are still joined -diploid and the sister chromatids have separated -haploid and the sister chromatids are joined P

haploid and the sister chromatids are joined

Chromatids are _____. -identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome -held together by the centrioles -found only in aberrant chromosomes -not present in the Y sex chromosome, but present in the X sex chromosome

identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome

Part complete Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? interphase prophase telophase metaphase

interphase

When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____. -its cells each have one chromosome -Its cells have one half of a chromosome -its cells each have two sets of chromosomes -its cells each have one set of chromosomes

its cells each have one set of chromosomes

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes "stick together" and do not separate properly. This phenomenon is known as _____. nondisjunction sticky chiasmata gametic infertility meiotic failure

nondisjunction

Down syndrome can be the result of _____. -nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis -a deletion in chromosome 22 -deletion of chromosome 21 -occurrence of meiosis without cytokinesis

nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis

Part complete Which of the following shows mitosis in the correct chronological order? View Available Hint(s) -telophase, prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase -prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase -prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase -anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Part complete In meiosis II, _____. -homologous chromosomes pair to ensure their even distribution to daughter cells -sister chromatids are separated -chromosomes cross over to exchange genetic information -chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid

sister chromatids are separated