Chapter 8
According to the text, which of the following factors has the greatest influence on the income disparity between the immigrant and Canadian-born populations?
D. recency of immigration
Which of the following accurately reflects the difference between the term "minority" and "visible minority"?
A. A visible minority refers to non-white individuals
Despite being a first-generation Jamaican-Canadian citizen, a young man registers himself as simply Canadian on a recent census-even though the census form would allow him to acknowledge his ethnic roots. What does this suggest in regards to the concept of ethnicity?
A. It is situational, variable, and flexible.
According to the text, when a person's nationality is based in part on physical appearance, what social phenomenon is occurring?
A. Race is integrated into conceptions of ethnicity.
According to the text, what is the main difference between race and ethnicity? S
A. Race is physical attributes; ethnicity is cultural characteristics
White workers may use racial discrimination against non-whites to protect their position, particularly when upper-tier workers feel threatened by lower-tier workers. What theory is this sort of explanation of prejudice based on?
A. Split labour market theory
Aboriginal individuals earn on average $10,000 less per year than non-Aboriginal individuals.
A. True
According to Marxists, race is an ideology used to justify exploitation of minorities and immigrants.
A. True
An Aboriginal child at a residential school was likely physically and/or emotionally abused.
A. True
Authoritarian parenting can lead to rebellion, aggression, lower grades in school, and substance abuse.
A. True
Canada accepts immigrants and refugees partly on humanitarian and compassionate grounds.
A. True
Canada signed the Refugee Convention eighteen years after its adoption by the United Nations in 1951.
A. True
Hate crimes are motivated by racial, sexual or other prejudice.
A. True
Immigrants and people who have been granted refugee status are referred to as permanent residents until they are able to apply for and achieve Canadian citizenship
A. True
Immigrants are more likely to live in extended families than non-immigrants.
A. True
The affective component of prejudice includes the emotions we attach to stereotypes associated with certain individuals.
A. True
The problem with ethnocentrism is that your standards are used as a frame of reference for negatively evaluating the behaviour of other groups.
A. True
What process puts prejudice into practice?
A. discrimanation
Immigration policies that barred entry for certain groups into Canada changed after immigration applications were reworded in the 1960s. According to the text, what was exclusionary phrase that was removed from immigration forms
A. nation of origin
The text cites the federal government's reserve system for status Indians as a blatant example of which of the following?
A. population transfer
The school board abolished an old regulation that no students from Country X would be admitted. The regulation had been put in place because the board had believed at the time that people from Country X were less intelligent and unable to achieve appropriate academic standards. What was the rule an example of
A. prejudice
What would someone be called who holds a negative attitude about people of colour based on preconceived notions about them?
A. prejudiced
White workers may use racial discrimination against non-whites to protect their position, particularly when upper-tier workers feel threatened by lower-tier workers. What theory is this sort of explanation of prejudice based on?
A. split labour market theory
According to the text, anti-miscegenation laws were intended for what purpose?
A. to prohibit interracial marriages
Which of the following demonstrates how institutional racism normally manifests itself?
A. underrepresentation of visible minorities in management positions at a cable company
There is no specific gene associated with "race"; rather there are small genetic differences that can be attributed to geographic mobility of early humans.
A.True
All identifiable ethnic groups can be identified by singular and specific definitions and categorizations.
B. False
Ethnicity is fixed, inflexible, and impermeable.
B. False
Immigrant families are six times more likely than Aboriginal families to live in extended-family situations.
B. False
Immigration patterns increase during times of economic upheaval and decrease during times of civil unrest.
B. False
Minority groups are the smaller ethnic populations in Canada.
B. False
The cognitive and affective components of prejudice always correspond with the behavioural component of prejudice.
B. False
The formative period of multiculturalism focused on implementation of programs and procedures to ensure equal participation by minorities within institutional structures.
B. False
Today, sociologists emphasize that race is more of a biological reality than a social creation
B. False
Between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens, level of education has little influence on income disparity. According to the text, what is the average difference in income between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens, at all income levels?
B. Immigrants earn about $13,000 per year less than Canadian-born workers. Correct
What happened during World War II in Canada?
B. Many people of Japanese ancestry-including those born in Canada-were placed in internment camps because they were seen as a security threat.
What term does the text use for "a socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to such physical characteristics as skin colour, hair texture, and facial features"?
B. Race
A very cliquish high school has groups referred to locally as preppies, keeners, greasers, immigrants, and warriors. Each group has very negative and stereotypical notions of all the others. Which of the following terms best describes these negative beliefs?
D. prejudice
According to the text, what term is used to describe a child who is exposed to characteristics of the family heritage when at home and participates in the national culture of the country where he or she lives when outside the home?
B. bicultural
Damian is a member of a visible minority and has worked on the factory line for 10 years. He feels he deserves a chance as a manager. The last new manager hired was a man who had worked for the factory for only five years, but was Caucasian. Damian believes that he was passed over because of his skin colour. Which of the following does Damian believe he has experienced?
B. discrimination
Ingrid is a Canadian whose parents emigrated from England to Canada just before Ingrid was born. Ingrid's family is widely considered to be part of a majority, or what kind of group?
B. dominant
According to the text, what kind of immigrants would be considered independent?
B. economic immigrants
Jaroslav believes that his Polish culture is superior to every other culture. What is his belief called, according to the text
B. ethnocentrism
According to the text, what are objective elements/definitions of ethnicity based upon?
B. language, customs, national origin, and ancestry
What term do sociologists use for the group whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group, because of physical or cultural characteristics, and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?
B. minority
What label is given to the pattern of adaptation used by immigrant youth who identify primarily with their new, national culture?
B. national pattern
According to the text, what is the country of origin of Canadian immigrants today most likely to be?
B. non-European
Which of the following most accurately describes racism?
B. those who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of physical characteristics such as skin colour, hair texture, and eye shape
Proponents of the split labour market theory suggest that white workers suffer as a consequence of racial and ethnic antagonisms.
B.false
According to your text, to whom does the term "les femmes du pays" apply?
C. Aboriginal country wives of European traders
Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?
C. Canadian Status Indians being denied the right to vote until 1960
According to the text, between 2006 and 2011 (Statistics Canada), what were the top three source countries for immigrants who moved to Canada?
C. China, Philippines, and India
Which of the following groups was subject to a head tax as part of Canada's racist immigration policy?
C. Chinese
What process involves members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups becoming absorbed into the dominant culture?
C. assimilation
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the age when youth move out of the family home in Canada?
C. community participation
After the terrorist bombings in the United States in 2001, some airline passengers overheard a group of other passengers speaking Arabic and demanded that the foreigners be taken off the plane. The airline employees had the foreign-born passengers disembark. What term best describes this incident?
C. discrimination
A 1991 study by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association found that 11 out of 15 employment agencies agreed to accept discriminatory job orders. Which of the following types of racism does this illustrate?
C. institutionalized
According to the text, who is considered a visible minority?
C. persons who are non-Caucasian in race and/or non-white in colour
What term does the text use for "the process by which racial categories are constructed as different and unequal in ways that have social, economic, and political consequences"?
C. racialization
According to the text, what is the term used when a minority group is separated from the dominant group?
C. segregation
Your parents believe that all people from Hawaii have pig roasts on a regular basis and can hula dance. What name would sociologists use to describe these overgeneralizations?
C. stereotypes
What is a "dominant" group?
C. the group with the most power and privilege
According to Statistics Canada the (2014), how many ethnic origins were reported for the questions about objective ethnicity?
D. 200
A little boy uses a racist term when describing a neighbour, and rather than telling him how inappropriate that label is, his parents laugh. From this experience, the boy learns that his parents think he is funny when he uses racist language and he repeats the practice. What type of theorist would best explain this construction of racism
D. interactionist
Suppose three Aboriginal boys are excluded every day at recess from playing soccer with the other boys. When they ask why, a white boy states, "We didn't invite you!" Which of the following is happening?
D. discrimination
What term does the text use to refer to cultural characteristics such as language, religion, taste in food, shared descent, cultural traditions, and shared geographical locations?
D. ethnicity
A woman tells her husband: "I am going to hire Julie to clean the house because she is from Country X and immigrants from there are very hard workers." Which of the following prejudicial components is this woman highlighting?
D. the cognitive component
According to the text, which of the following statements distinguishes between realistic conflict theorists and split labour market theorists on racism?
Realistic conflict theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking, while split labour market theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking.
Which of the following would most likely be classified as a member of a minority group in Canada?
a. Chinese man
According to the text, what is the definition of "pluralism"?
a. Cultural differences are maintained and celebrated.
The affective component of prejudice includes the emotions we attach to stereotypes associated with certain individuals.
a. True
Which perspective includes a hypothesis suggesting that contact between Aboriginal people and French people should lead both groups to hold favourable attitudes about the other?
a. interactionist
Which of the following demonstrates how institutional racism normally manifests itself?
a. underrepresentation of visible minorities in management positions at a cable company
According to the text, what kind of immigrants would be considered independent?
b. economic immigrants
The immigrant population in Canada is less educated than the Canadian-born population.
b. false
European explorers spread out across what became North America to find resources and claim territory for their home countries. As a feature of the Enlightenment, rational scientific thought on racial differences justified oppressive expansionist practices. In this progression of exploration and colonization, what social process were Indigenous groups subject to?
b. racialization
Galabuzi posits that the term "visible minority" suggests a permanent status that reinforces essentialist assumptions about race. What term has Galabuzi offered as a viable alternative to "visible minority?
b. racialized group
Brazilians of Japanese descent who emigrate back to Japan have been told they are "too Brazilian" to fit into the conservative Japanese culture. As a result, they become "more Brazilian" by organizing samba parades, wearing brightly coloured clothing, and speaking Portuguese in public. What type of ethnic construction does this demonstrate?
b. subjective
Joseph, four siblings, his parents, and his grandparents share a home. Joseph and his family have recently moved to the city from an Aboriginal reserve in northern Manitoba. According to the text, why might this family choose to live as an extended family?
c. extended families can offer support and protection in a racialized society
The reserve system forced Aboriginal communities to give up most of their traditional sociocultural, spiritual, and political systems. According to the text, what was the goal of the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 and the Gradual Civilization Act of 1869?
d. ethnocide
According to the text, which of the following is an example of systemic discrimination?
d. imposing height restrictions as part of the screening process for applicants to the police force
Huong, a Canadian-born woman of Chinese descent, was preparing a paper on her family's immigration history for a Cultural Geography course. She took into account the various oppressive federal and social policies that had affected her great grandparents as they attempted to become Canadian citizens. According to the Galabuzi, in federal policies and documents like Statistics Canada publications, rather than the old category of "visible minority," what official term should Huong use in her paper to describe her family?
d. racialized group Correct
What label is given to the pattern of adaptation used by immigrant youth who identify with both their heritage cultures and their new, national cultures?
d. racialized group Correctd. integration pattern
According to the text, which of the following statements distinguishes between realistic conflict theorists and split labour market theorists on racism?
he correct answer is: Realistic conflict theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking, while split labour market theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking.
What term does the text use to refer to the ethnic characteristics of your ancestors?
objective ethnicity
