Chapter 8

Tax imposed on imports

Tariff

customs

fees charged by one country's government on goods people bring in from the other country.

lock

is an enclosed area on a canal that raises or lowers ships from one water level to another.

separatism

making Quebec an independent country

Provinces

political divison

Bedrock

solid rock that is usually covered by soil, gravel, and sand.

Tariffs

taxes on imports

secede

to withdraw formally membership in a political or religious organization

NAFTA

was designed to establish a free-trade zone across all of North America

martime

"bordering on or related to the sea."

A.The Importance of Location

-Canada has more than 20 metropolitan areas with a population of 100,000 or more. -Urbanization has created challenges in providing housing and services, and controlling pollution, and preventing overcrowding.

B. Urbanization

-Canada has more than 20 metropolitan areas with a population of 100,000 or more. -Urbanization has created challenges in providing housing and services, and controlling pollution, and preventing overcrowding.

B. The role of Peacekeeper

-Canada has taken on an active role in promoting arms control and disarment among other countries of the world

C. Member of the Commonwealth

-Canada maintains many links with other countries through membership i the Commonwealth of Nations. -Membership in the Commonwealth gives Canada a favorable position for trade with European countries.

A. Natural Resources

-Canada must balance opportunities offered by its natural resources with the need to preserve the environment. -Aboveground pipelines minimize the destruction of arctic permafrost, but they create barriers to migration and destroy animal habitats. -Overfishing has led to bans on harvesting some species of fish.

Ties to Britain

-Canada remained under the direct British rule until it was given domestic self-rule as the Dominion of Canada. -Canada became completely independent, but the British monarch remains the symbolic ruler of Canada.

The main economic activities in the Atlantic Provinces

-Forestry and Farming, tourism, offshore oil extraction have become important to the region's economy.

Colonial Rivalries

-French and English colonists competed over the fur trade and rival land claims. -They fought four wars in North America -The French were defeated in the Battle of Quebec, and France surrendered its Canadian Territory.

The First Canadians

-Inuit and Native Americans- first inhabitants. -The native people developed stable societies -Europeans colonization reduced the native population through war and disease.

What is NAFTA?

Designed to establish a free trade zone across North America.

The economic activities and patterns of settlement in the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia

-Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta are the Prairie Provinces, while British Columbia lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. -More than half of the population of the Prairies live in cities, while for-fifths of British Columbia's population lives in the Vancouver area. -The largest cities of the region are located at strategic points along the railroads that were built in the 1800s -The economy of the Prairie Provinces is based on agriculture -Fishing, forestry, and mining are key economic activities in British Columbia. -Tourism and the extraction of oil and natural gas in Alberta have given the region a new source of wealth and have spurred the growth of Calgary and Edmonton

The uniqueness and background of Canada's policy of welcoming diversity while promoting unity

-Many Inuit and Native Americans live in Canada, mostly on reserves -Immigrants from across the world have been welcomed in Canada -Canada have been successful in uniting its regions and people through transportation and communication links. -Canada's leadership in telecommunications largely results form the needs to communicate with residents in remote regions

The reasons why the Great Lake-St. Lawrence Provinces have become Canada's heartland

-Ontario and Quebec share three landscapes: the barren Canadian Shield, the swampy Hudson Bay Lowlands, and the fertile St. Lawrence Lowlands -The bodies of water along the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway differ in elevation, so locks have been built to raise and lower boats between levels. -The economy of Ontario and Quebec is based on farming, forestry mining and manufacturing, Toronto, Ontario's capital, is the financial hub of Canada -Quebec is home to most of the French-speaking people in Canada -Montreal is Quebec's largest city, while Quebec City is the provincial capital and the oldest city in the province.

The reasons why Quebec is the scene of conflict between two cultures

-The Canadian territory that France lost to Britain was home to many French colonists. -The British government passed laws to ensure French Canadians could maintain their language, laws, and culture. -Many Quebecois feel discriminated against by the English-speaking majority, and many are in favor of separatism -After French was made the official language of Quebec, many English-speaking residents and businesses left Quebec. -In 1995, a referendum on whether Quebec should secede from Canada was narrowly defeated.

How the climate and location have affected the development of the northern territories

-The Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut occupy the northern 40 percent of Canada and they are cold and sparsely inhabited. -Nunavut was established in 1999 as part of a land claim settlement with the native Inuit. -The Northern territories contain rich deposits of minerals and a pipeline was built in the 1980s to deliver oil to southern markets. -Many mineral deposits have not been developed because of the harsh climate and rugged terrain.

The relationship that Canada has with the United States today

-Travelers across the Canada-United States border pay customs duties. -Canada and the United States share a number of cultural links. -The U.S and Canada are each other's most important trading partners, and the two countries have signed trade agreements such as NAFTA -Trade agreements have produced mixed reactions among Canadians, as many Canadians have blamed the agreements for plan closings and the relocation of major firms south of the border -Some Canadians are uncomfortable with the uneven nature of the relationship between the tow countries.

The challenges to future development that Canada faces today

...

The relationship that Canada has with other countries of the world

...

How much of Canada's exports does the United States buy?

85%.

In the very important economic link between the United States and Canada, the Unites States buys

About 85 percent of all Canadian exports

Canada plays an important role in the global community in all of the following ways except by

Acting as superpower with influence over Europe and Asia

The large cities of the Prairie Provinces developed in the late 1800s

Along the newly built railroads

How does Canada play and important role in the global community?

As a middle power working with other nations to achieve common goals.

This region includes some of the world's richest fishing areas.

Atlantic Provinces

Solid Rock that is usually covered by soil gravel and sand is called

Bedrock

Solid rock that is usually covered by soil gravel and sand

Bedrock

What are maritimes?

Bordering or related to the sea.

The economic development of Ontario and Quebec was greatly influenced by their location

Bordering the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River

Mountains cover nearly all of this region.

British Columbia

Wealthier

Compared with the Prairie Provinces, the residents of British Columbia are _________________ due to the provinces abundance of Salmon, minerals and forests making its economy strong

Why have Quebec and Ontario developed as Canada's economic heart?

Connected to the St. Lawrence seaway.

When Canada became an independent nation in 1931 the government

Continued to protect the rights of French speaking citizens

Building a pipeline above ground to transport Canada's oil and mineral resources

Creates Barrie's to the migration of Arctic animals

Travelers between Canada and the US must pay _______

Customs

What are customs?

Fees charged by one country's government on goods people bring in to the other country.

Which of the rolling is an accurate statement about the Eco of the Atlantic Provinces

Forestry and farming are important economic activities in the region

Warfare between British and French colonists in North America between 1689 and 1763 ended with

France surrendering most of its land to Britain

Relations between the US and Canada can be best summarized as

Generally good although many Canadians feel overshadowed by the US

The Canadian Shield is located in this region.

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River

Many of the mineral deposit and oil reserves in Nunavut and the Yukon and Northwest Territories have not been developed because

Harsh climate and rugged terrain make mining difficult

Why have many of the northern territories mineral deposits not been developed?

Harsh climate and terrain make it difficult to mine and transport minerals.

All of the following factors have contributed to making national unity difficult to achieve except

Immigration of central and Eastern Europeans Canada

What has the diversity of the Canadian population done towards it's national identity?

It has made national unity hard.

Which of the following distinguishes the province of Quebec from the rest of Canada

It has the closest ties customs and culture of France

The rich mineral deposits and large reserves of petroleum in the northern territories are

Largely undeveloped because of the harsh climate and terrain

what are some possible reasons that the U.S., despite its smaller size is more powerful than Canada?

Larger Population, Mined natural resources, No arctic temps., More fertile land, Stronger government and military, More unified.

An enclosed area in a canal that raises or lowers ships from one water level to another

Lock

To make up for the differences in water levels between the ocean and the Great Lakes ,the St Lawrence seaway includes a series of _________

Locks

Because of the Atlantic Provinces all border the sea, they are sometimes called the __________ provinces

Maritime

Bordering on or related to the sea

Maritime

Compared with the people in the Prairie Provinces the residents of British Columbia are

More likely to have higher incomes

What makes Quebec different for the rest of Canada?

Most French speaking Canadians live in Quebec.

Trade agreement between Canada the US and Mexico

NAFTA

This largely treeless region is home to the inuit.

Northern Territories

This region includes some of the world's richest fishing areas.

Northern Territories

What are some connections between the region where the majority of the Inuit live and their way of life? What changes have occurred in recent years?

Now ride snowmobiles (Instead of snow mobiles), More modern technology to connect, school by satellite, Hunt and gather with modern tech not with spears and by hand.

Quebec and Ontario developed as Canada's economic heart because of the provinces location

On the major waterway linking the Canadian interior and the Atlantic Ocean

In contrast to the US Canada is more likely to do which of the following

Play the role of middle power in the global community

Compared with people in the prairie provinces, the residents of British Columbia are?

Plenty natural resources including salmon, forests, and minerals have helped British Columbia become one of the most wealthy provinces.

What are provinces?

Political divisions of Canada.

This region provides most of Canada's grain and cattle.

Prairie Provinces

what has building a pipeline above ground done to other things?

Preserves arctic permafrost, creates barriers for caribou (and other arctic animals) migration and habitat.

Today Canada must balance the opportunities of developing its northern resources with the challenge of

Protecting the fragile environment

Political Divisions

Province

Canada includes 3 territories and 10 ________

Provinces

This region is the center of Canada's populations and economic activity.

Quebec and Ontario

Compare the view of the Quebecois separatists and of Canadian government leaders toward the province of Quebec .

Quebecois want the government to preserve French culture , they want to become their own country but the government needs them to stay because the have resources. Quebecois feels left out in government.

In 1995, a referendum held to decide whether the residents of Quebec should ________ or withdraw from the rest of Canada failed by a narrow margin

Secede

To withdraw

Secede

What is separatism?

Seeking to become an independent country.

Many Québécois favor ________ or making Quebec an independent country

Separatism

What is bedrock?

Solid rock that is usually covered with sand, gravel, and soil.

What did the large cities of the prairie provinces develop along?

Strategic points along the railroads in late 1800's.

Warfare between British and French colonists in North America between 1689-1763 ended with what?

The battle of Quebec, and by 1763 French gave up their empire. which was all of Canada.

When Canada became independent in 1931, what did the government do?

The government continued to protect the rights for French speaking citizens.

The diversity of the Canadian population is most accurately reflected in which of the following statements

The great diversity of the population has made a sense of national unity difficult to achieve

The most important natural resource of the Atlantic provinces is

The sea

What is the most important natural resource in the Atlantic Provinces?

The sea.

What are some positive and negative consequences of developing the northern territories?

They would be settled and get more minerals, effect Inuit animals habitats and the environment, Difficult climate and terrain.

What is sucede?

To withdraw.

How can the relationship between the United States and Canada be best summarized as?

Uneven because Canada is in the United States' shadow.

What are locks?

Used to raise or lower ships from one water level to another.

Which of the rolling is an accurate statement about Canada

When the province of Quebec declared French to be its official language many English speaking residents and businesses left the province