Chapter 8 Anatomy

Location of the ossicles

Middle ear

Location of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

Middle ear

Tympanic membrane separates the outer ear from this region

Middle ear

Why is it harder to determine where a sound originates when one auditory canal is completely blocked with earwax? a. Since one ear is functionally deaf, the brain can't compare simultaneous input from both cochleae to localize sound. b. Earwax contains chemicals that inhibit the ability of the brain to localize sound. c. Since one cochlea is not stimulated, the occipital lobe does not have the necessary input to localize sound. d. The plugged auditory canal impairs the function of the macula so that the localization of sound cannot occur.

a. Since one ear is functionally deaf, the brain can't compare simultaneous input from both cochleae to localize sound.

What information does the brain use to interpret the source of a sound? a. Sound reaches the two ears at slightly different times. b. The frequency of sound waves is different in each ear. c. The pitch of the sound is different in each ear.

a. Sound reaches the two ears at slightly different times.

Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles. a. True b. False

a. True

In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on to the oval window. a. True b. False

a. True

Dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the ________. semicircular canals oval window cochlea malleus vestibule

a. semicircular canals

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________. a. semicircular canals b. oval window c. cochlea d. vestibule

a. semicircular canals

What part of the inner ear is contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium? a. semicircular canals b. maculae c. vestibule d. otoliths

a. semicircular canals

Dynamic equilibrium receptors report the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is not moving. a. True b. False

b. False

The function of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is to transmit sound vibrations to the eardrum (tympanic membrane). a. True b. False

b. False

The middle ear is a fluid-filled cavity. a. True b. False

b. False

________________ deafness arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain. a. Otosclerosis b. Sensorineural c. Conduction d. Meniere's

b. Sensorineural

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________. a. bony labyrinth b. incus c. malleus d. cochlea e. stapes

b. incus

Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of the ________. a. ossicles b. spiral organ of Corti or cochlear nerve c. round window d. otoliths e. semicircular canals

b. spiral organ of Corti or cochlear nerve

The external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) is a narrow chamber situated in the ________ bone. a. sphenoid b. temporal c. frontal d. occipital

b. temporal

Location of ceruminous glands

Outer ear

Fluid-filled part of the ear

Inner ear

Location of equilibrium receptors

Inner ear

Location of otoliths

Inner ear

Location of the cochlea

Inner ear

Location of the vestibular apparatus

Inner ear

Location of the auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus

Outer ear

The "stirrup" is also referred to as the stapes. a. True b. False

a. True

The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals. a. True b. False

a. True

What colors do completely red-green color deficient persons see? a. blues and grays b. greens and grays c. reds and grays d. only grays

a. blues and grays

Which of the following causes of deafness would be helped least by a hearing aid? a. damage to the cochlear nerve b. ruptured eardrum c. otosclerosis d. otitis media

a. damage to the cochlear nerve

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness? a. inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate b. damage to the semicircular ducts c. loss of hair cells d. damage to the auditory cortex of the brain

a. inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________. a. otoliths b. cupulae c. maculae d. ossicles

a. otoliths

What is the function of the otoliths? a. responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves b. transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window c. stimulate ampullae when the head rotates

a. responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves

Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane? a. semicircular canals b. auditory ossicles c. maculae of the vestibule

a. semicircular canals

Which cranial nerve transmits hearing and equilibrium information to the brain? a. vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) b. abducens (VI) c. oculomotor (III) d. trigeminal (V) e. trochlear (IV)

a. vestibulocochear nerve (VIII)

How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance? a. Organs of equilibrium stimulate postural muscle to maintain balance. b. The cerebellum stimulates the organs of equilibrium to help maintain balance. c. The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration. d. The crista ampullaris sends information on head position and the macula the sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.

c. The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.

Which of these can cause sensorineural deafness? a. otosclerosis b. rupture of the eardrum c. degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti d. otitis media

c. degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________. a. rod cells b. Corti cells c. hair cells d. cone cells e. ceruminous cells

c. hair cells

Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect? a. spiral organ of cochlear ducts b. ampullae of semicircular ducts c. maculae of the vestibule

c. maculae of the vestibule

Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane? a. stapes (stirrup) b. incus (anvil) c. malleus (hammer) d. cochlea

c. malleus (hammer)

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________. a. incus or anvil b. otolith c. malleus or hammer d. stapes or stirrup

c. malleus or hammer

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________. a. stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti b. transmission of light through the lens c. movement of otoliths along hair cells d. sound waves traveling through the cochlea e. vibration of the tympanic membrane

c. movement of otoliths along hair cells

The cochlear nerve transmits impulses to the auditory cortex located in the ________. a. frontal lobe b. parietal lobe c. temporal lobe d. occipital lobe

c. temporal lobe

The structure that divides the outer ear from the middle ear is a membrane known as the ________. a. auricle (pinna) b. vestibule c. tympanic membrane (ear drum) d. cochlea

c. tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________. a. semicircular canals b. tympanic membrane c. vestibule d. cochlea e. auricle (pinna)

c. vestibule

Which of the following is associated with the external (outer) ear? a. malleus b. vestibule c. round window d. auricle (pinna) e. semicircular canals

d. auricle (pinna)

Which cochlear hair cells are stimulated by low frequency sounds? a. hair cells scattered throughout the basilar membrane b. hair cells near the base of the basilar membrane c. hair cells located in the middle of the basilar membrane d. hair cells located near the apex of the basilar membrane

d. hair cells located near the apex of the basilar membrane

In severe cases of otitis media, a tube is implanted into the eardrum that allows for drainage. What bone of the ear is closest to the tube that is implanted? a. semicircular canal b. vestibule c. stapes d. malleus

d. malleus

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles ________. a. incus, malleus, stapes b. stapes, incus, malleus c. malleus, stapes, incus d. malleus, incus, stapes e. stapes, malleus, incus

d. malleus, incus, stapes

Sensorineural deafness can be caused by which of the following conditions? a. otitis media b. anosmia c. strabismus d. maternal rubella

d. maternal rubella

Which of the following stimulates the hair cells found within the spiral organ of Corti? a. movement of the vestibular membrane b. perilymph c. movement of the basilar membrane d. movement of the tectorial membrane

d. movement of the tectorial membrane

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________. a. semicircular canals b. outer ear c. eardrum d. inner ear e. middle ear

e. middle ear

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________. a. oval window b. ossicles c. auditory tube d. auricle e. spiral organ of Corti

e. spiral organ of Corti

Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as the ________. a. oval window b. auricle c. ossicles d. pinna e. tympanic membrane

e. tympanic membrane