Chapter 8: Brick Masonry Quiz
Higher strength mortars are more expensive and have poorer workability characteristics in comparison to higher-strength mortars.
F
Hydrated lime could be liquid or wet powder.
F
In general, the highest strength mortar suitable for a particular job is the optimal choice.
F
Less uniform bricks, which may be considered more aesthetically desirable, may be less expensive than more uniform bricks.
F
Lime mortar has hydraulic cement ingredient.
F
Masonry cement has higher bond strength than cement-lime mortars.
F
Molded brick costs vary with the molding process, but are frequently less expensive than extruded brick.
F
Set accelerators and retarders are used to adjust setting time only in hot weather.
F
Type K mortars are the highest strength.
F
Type O mortars are the exterior nonloadbearing masonry.
F
Type S mortars are the reinforced nonloadbearing masonry.
F
Brick with appearance characteristics graded for exposed applications
Facing Brick
Alternating stretchers and headers in each course
Flemish Bond
Above grade brick only, in regions of negligible weathering
Grade MW
Interior brick, concealed building brick, and other brick not exposed to the weather
Grade NW
Any weathering region, above or below grade
Grade SW
Vertical joint between bricks in same course
Head Joint
Brick laid flat, with end visible
Header
Up to 60% void
Hollow Brick
Improves the workability of mortar in its plastic state.
Lime
Relatively moist clay is pressed into individual molds
Soft mud process
Brick laid on its end, with its face visible
Soldier
Not less than 75% solid
Solid Brick
Brick laid flat, with face visible
Stretcher
Brick loads pass continuously from one end of the kiln to the other
Tunnel kiln
Lowest strength; Historic masonry restoration (not part of ASTM C270 standard)
Type K
Highest strength; Very high-strength masonry; Masonry subject to severe freeze-thaw; Masonry in contact with the earth
Type M
Nonloadbearing masonry; Exterior masonry not subject to severe lateral loads
Type N
Interior nonloadbearing masonry; Historic masonry restoration
Type O
Reinforced loadbearing masonry; Exterior veneer subjected to high wind forces or seismic forces
Type S
Adjust setting time in cold or hot weather
Set accelerators and retarders
Brick intended for concealed locations where appearance is not a concern
Building brick
Horizontal joint between courses
Bed Joint
Improve flexural strength, freeze-thaw resistance
Bond enhancers
Defines durability
Brick Grade
Defines uniformity in size and shape
Brick Type
The glue that binds the sand particles together.
Cement
Vertical joint between wythes
Collar Joint
Stretcher courses, with a header row usually every 5 or 6 courses
Common Bond
One horizontal row of bricks
Course
Low-plasticity clays are kept relatively dry and stiff, and machine-pressed into steel molds at high pressure
Dry-press process
Alternating stretcher and header courses
English Bond
A well-graded mix lime mortar should be particles ranging in size from 0.003 - 0.187 feet in diameter.
F
Because of their lighter weight, hollow bricks require more energy to fire.
F
Brick grade defines uniformity in size and shape
F
Extruded or stiff mud bricks are generally most expensive molding method.
F
Firing takes 10 to 40 minutes.
F
For lime mortar ingredients, sands must be free of contaminants, physically sound, and may be chemically reactive with the other mortar ingredients.
F
Batches of bricks are loaded, fired, cooled, and removed
Periodic kiln
Colored aggregate
Pigments
Brick laid on its face, with end visible
Rowlock
All stretchers
Running Bond
Like a soldier, but with its broader side visible
Sailor
Provides the basic structural capacity of the hardened mortar
Sand
Molds are pre-dusted with sand
Sand-struck
A minimum amount of water is necessary for the chemical hydration of the cement; additional water is added to produce a working consistency to the wet mortar.
T
Brick & Stone are usually served as facing materials - veneers, or decorative walls.
T
Bricks are available in many sizes and standard sizes vary regionally.
T
Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) are usually served as foundation walls, structural support walls (low rise), or backup walls for exterior facing.
T
Extruded or stiff mud bricks accounts for approximately 90% of US made bricks.
T
For laying bricks, corner leads are constructed ahead of the rest of the wall.
T
For lime mortar ingredients, water must be clean, neutral pH, free of contaminants or organic material.
T
Higher-strength mortars have a higher proportion of cement to lime in the mortar mix, resulting in higher compressive strength in the hardened mortar.
T
Lime mortar has some ability to self-heal hairline cracks that may develop over time; as water and air enter the joint, carbonation can occur and repair the joint.
T
Lime mortar is used primarily for the restoration of historic masonry structures.
T
Masonry cement has no added lime ingredient.
T
Molded bricks frequently are associated with more natural variation in texture and dimensional uniformity than extruded bricks.
T
More uniform bricks are more suitable to applications where close dimensional tolerances must be maintained, such as in a brick masonry curtain wall.
T
Mortar cement produced to a standard that assures higher bond strength comparable to cement-lime mortar.
T
Mortar could be used to adhere units, providing resistance to lateral forces from wind, earthquakes.
T
Mortar could be used to seal joints between the masonry units, minimizing the flow of air and water.
T
No lime is added to mortar cement or masonry cement mixes.
T
Portland cement is hydraulic cement and it hardens by chemically combining with water (hydration).
T
Solid bricks are frequently not 100% solid, to reduce weight and the costs of firing.
T
The concave joint and vee joint shed water most effectively and are the most resistant to freeze-thaw.
T
The extrusion process naturally produces brick units with a smooth face and high dimensional uniformity.
T
Type S and Type N mortars are the most commonly specified.
T
With hollow brick, larger sized units can be kept lighter in weight.
T
Improve water resistance (for concrete masonry units only)
Water repellents
Molds are pre-wetted
Water-struck
Ease placement of wet mortar
Workability enhancers
One vertical stack of bricks
Wythe
