Chapter 8: Disk and File System Management

Which of the following repquota options will give you quota limits and disk usage for all file systems listed in /etc/mtab?

-a

You are inspecting the superblocks and block information on your file system. You need dumpe2fs to display only the blocks that are reserved as bad in the file system. Which of the following options should you use?

-b

Your ext3 file system has experienced a significant amount of corruption. To examine the file system, you want to use the debugfs utility. Which of the following debugfs options should you use to examine the file system?

-c

What is the file path and name of the directory that contains device files for hard drives, optical drives, and USB devices?

/dev

You need to configure your Linux system to allow only the root user account to mount the CD-ROM device. Which of the following options should you add to the /etc/fstab file?

/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom -t iso9660 ro,nouser,noauto

Enter the full device file name for the second partition on the hard drive with the lowest ID number.

/dev/sda2

Type the full device file name for the first partition on the hard drive with the third lowest ID number.

/dev/sdc1

You need to implement disk quotas on your Linux system for the / directory. What is the full path and name of the file that must be edited to implement quotas for users and groups?

/etc/fstab

What file shows the currently mounted volumes?

/etc/mtab

Which of the following directories is specified by Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) as a mount point for removable media, such as USB storage media, DVDs, and CD-ROMs?

/media

You have just inserted a thumb drive into your Linux server and now want to view the contents of the thumb drive. Where is the MOST likely place you can find the mounted thumb drive in the Linux file system?

/run/media/<username>

Which of the following hexadecimal codes represents an extended partition?

0x85

Which of the following is the maximum number of GUID partitions that can be created using the gdisk utility?

128

Which of the following is the maximum number of primary partitions that can be created on a single hard disk drive?

4

Which of the following sets of octal permissions would allow everyone to execute the following file as if they were the root user? -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8045 July 24 2018 myscript

4755

You are called into the office of a newly hired manager. The manager has copied a file from his old place of work onto his new workstation but is now receiving an error message that access is denied each time they try to access the file. The manager is not the owner of the file or a member of the group the file is associated with. Which of the following represents the LEAST set of file permissions needed for the manager to be able to read and write to the file?

666

Which of the following MOST accurately describes Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)?

A disk subsystem that combines multiple physical disks into a single logical storage unit.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the repquota /home -vu command?

A summary of disk usage and quotas is displayed for the users who have files within /home.

Gloria, a Linux administrator, used the gdisk utility to create eight partitions on a new hard drive. Which of the following BEST describes the partitions Gloria has created?

All eight partitions are the same. They are simply partitions. There are no primary, extended, or logical partitions.

Which of the following are the advantages of using GPT instead of MBR for partitioning a storage device? (Select two.) The partitioning and boot data are stored in one place. Uses primary, extended, or logical partitions. Works with disks up to 2 TB in size. Allows up to 128 partitions on a storage device. Uses only one type of partition.

Allows up to 128 partitions on a storage device. Uses only one type of partition.

As a Linux administrator, you have installed a new hard disk. You create two primary partitions, sdb1 and sdb2, and one extended partition, sdb3. You format sdb1 with ext3 and sdb2 as a swap area. When you attempt to format sdb3 as a swap area, you are unable to do so. Which of the following explains why you can't format sdb3?

An extended partition can't be formatted.

You are asked to help a user complaining that file system errors are being reported during boot-up. When you reboot the user's system, you see errors on sda2. Which of the following strategies will check the file system on sda2 and fix the errors?

Change to single-user mode and run fsck /dev/sda2.

Which of the following describes the effects of using the tune2fs -j /dev/sdb1 command?

Converts the /dev/sdb1 device to ext3.

Which of the following I/O schedulers uses the I/O request time stamp to push I/O requests that have reached their deadline to the highest priority for processing?

Deadline

Yesterday, you created a new swap area for your system. Today, after rebooting the system, you find that the swap area is not mounted. What should you do to ensure the swap area is mounted each time the system boots?

Edit /etc/fstab and add the swap partition.

You attempt to unmount a volume using the umount /dev/sdd3 command, but you receive a device is busy error message. Which of the following strategies will be MOST likely to allow you to unmount the file system? (Select two.) Ensure your current working directory is not on the file system, and try to unmount again. Edit /etc/fstab and remove the mount. Try unmount again. Perform a backup of the sdd3 device and try to unmount again. Use the fscls command to close any open files on the filesystem. Try to unmount again. Find and close any open files on the file system, and try to unmount again.

Ensure your current working directory is not on the file system, and try to unmount again. Find and close any open files on the file system, and try to unmount again.

What is the standard used by Linux distributions to determine the layout of files and folders in the Linux system?

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

You are running the sandboxed AppImages application on your Linux system, which keeps the application from compromising your Linux filesystem by leaving kernel access to a separate kernel module. Which of the following technologies provides this type of security for the AppImages application?

Filesystem in USErspace (FUSE)

Which of the following are the PRIMARY tasks you can perform with the mount command? (Select two.) Answer View the files on a mounted device. Mount a file system on a storage device somewhere in the root file system tree. Create a virtual file system for applications. Combine multiple physical disks into a single logical storage unit. List all file systems that are currently mounted.

Mount a file system on a storage device somewhere in the root file system tree. List all file systems that are currently mounted.

Which of the following are types of remotely connected devices? Network Attached Storage (NAS) Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Storage Area Network (SAN) Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) Filesystem in USErspace (FUSE)

Network Attached Storage (NAS) Storage Area Network (SAN)

A file system inode indicates where a file's data physically exists on a disk. What other information does an inode contain? (Select two.) File system type Modification, access, and creation times File index File type Permissions

Permissions Modification, access, and creation times

The RAID configuration you are using to combine several hard drives into a single logical volume includes the following benefits and requirements: Provides fault tolerance for a single disk failure. Provides redundancy and performance. Uses 50% of the total raw capacity of the drives due to mirroring. Requires a minimum of four disks. What is the RAID level you are using for your logical volume?

RAID 10

You are using RAID to combine several hard disks on a Linux server into a single logical storage unit. You have configured the RAID volume to combines disk striping across multiple disks with parity for data redundancy. The parity information is stored on each disk. If a single disk fails, its data can be recovered using the parity information stored on the remaining disks. Which of the following RAID levels are you using?

RAID 5

Which of the following is a requirement for ALL configurations of RAID?

The amount of disk space used on each disk must be of equal size.

Roberto, a help desk technician, receives a call from an employee who is not able to change to a directory that they own. The following is the output from the commands that the employee entered: [sally@linux ~]$ ls -aldrw-rw-rw-. 2 sally sally 6 Mar 14 16:08 Reports[sally@linux ~]$ cd Reports/bash: cd: Reports/: Permission denied [sally@linux -]$ Based on the output, which of the following describes the problem?

The employee does not have the eXecute permission as owner of the directory.

When using the parted command instead of the gdisk utility, which of the following is important to remember?

The parted command writes partition changes to disk immediately.

Which of the following is the maximum number of logical partitions allowed on an extended partition?

Unlimited

What is the command to view the disk information for your system?

Use the command fdisk -l

Which file system is a FAT32 file system for Linux?

VFAT

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Changes a partition's name.

c

You want to change the name of a partition on the sdc storage device. You have already entered gdisk /dev/sdc to begin the editing process. Which of the following gdisk options can you enter to change the partition name?

c

You have entered the cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler command to find out which I/O scheduler is currently being used by your Linux system. The following is displayed: noop [cfq] deadline Which I/O scheduler is currently being used by your Linux system? What I/O schedulers are available on your Linux system?

cfq noop, cfq, deadline

What would you enter at the command prompt to change the group ownership to finance for the report01.png file in the /sales/reports directory?

chgrp finance /sales/reports/report01.png

What would you enter at the command prompt to change the group ownership for the devstyle.txt file to rand in the present working directory?

chgrp rand devstyle.txt

You need to change ownership of a script called myscript so that only the user owner has read/write access to it and only the user owner and group owner have execute permissions. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

chmod 750 myscript

The following are the permissions currently assigned to the customer_list file: -rwxr-xr-x 1 mfoote finance 8045 July 24 2022 customer_listYou want to add the write permission for the finance group and remove all permissions for others. Which of the following commands would accomplish this task?

chmod g+w,o-r,o-x customer_list

Which of the following commands would you use to make nstevens the owner of all of the files and directories in the /docs directory?

chown -R nstevens /docs

The Human Resources director for your company has been given an expanded role that covers internal training courses for the company. All the internal training course files are located in the /training/int directory. The director (pmadison) has requested ownership of all these files. Which of the following commands would you use to make pmadison the owner of all the files and directories in the /training/int directory?

chown -R pmadison /training/int

Which of the following commands make sales the group owner of the /sales/report file? (Select two.) chgroup sales /sales/report chmod .sales /sales/report chown :sales /sales/report chown .sales /sales/report chmod sales /sales/report

chown :sales /sales/report chown .sales /sales/report

The packaging department for your import/export company has recently been moved to the shipping department. In addition, all the packaging department employees have been moved to the shipping group. You would now like to make shipping the owner of the /packaging/personnel.png file. Which of the following commands could you enter to perform this task? (Select two.) chmod .shipping /packaging/personnel.png chmod shipping /packaging/personnel.png chgroup shipping /packaging/personnel.png chown :shipping /packaging/personnel.png chown .shipping /packaging/personnel.png

chown :shipping /packaging/personnel.png chown .shipping /packaging/personnel.png

You use ls -l /home/sales/sales_projection_q2 and receive the following information: drwxr-xr-x 22 pclark acct 4096 Jun 19 15:01 sales_projection_q2 Which of the following commands will change the user owner to jyoung and the group owner to sales? chown jyoung sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q2 chmod jyoung:sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q2 chgrp jyoung:sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q2 chown jyoung:sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q2 chown jyoung,sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q2

chown jyoung:sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q2

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Deletes a partition

d

A user is trying to access a file system mounted at /mnt/sdb1, but receives an error that states No such file or directory. Which commands can you use to see the current mount points? (Select two.) df mntchk mount fsck mounts mntfs

df mount

When creating an ext2 or ext3 file system, a fixed number of inodes is assigned. Which of the following commands shows the number of inodes, number of free inodes, and number of used inodes?

df -i

You need to see who has permissions to the promotions_annual file. You use ls -l promotions_annual and receive the following information: drwxr-xr-x 22 dmartinez hr 4096 Jun 19 15:01 promotions_annual Which user owns this file? (Your answer is case-sensitive.) Which group owns this file? (Your answer is case-sensitive.)

dmartinez hr

Which of the following commands allows you to use an alternative superblock when the primary superblock has been corrupted?

e2fsck -b 16385 /dev/sda1

Which of the following commands will open the quota file for a specific user?

edquota -u

The system requirements for a new Linux computer show that the system will primarily be used to store documents of small size. Which of the following file systems would be the MOST efficient at storing these documents on a Linux system?

ext4

Which of the following Linux file systems support journaling?

ext4

Which of the following is the MOST common Linux file system?

ext4

Which of the following commands/command sequences can you use to view the partition information on the first hard disk? (Select two.) cat /etc/part fdisk -l fdisk /dev/sd1, then press p cat /proc/part fdisk /dev/sda, then press p

fdisk -l fdisk /dev/sda, then press p

Which of the following commands partitions the second hard disk on a Linux system?

fdisk /dev/sdb

Which partition management utility can be used to define and change various GUID partition configurations without committing the configuration to the disk until the w command is used?

gdisk

You have installed a new blank hard drive on your Linux system. This is the second drive on the system, so it is represented in the file system by the /dev/sdb file. You need to create GUID partitions on this drive. What command do you use to start the GUID disk management utility to create partitions on the /dev/sdb drive?

gdisk /dev/sdb

Which of the following commands displays the filename, owner, group, and access control list for the mynotes file?

getfacl mynotes

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Displays detailed partition information.

i

What command would you enter at the command prompt to list all files and directories in the badams home directory, along with file size and the total amount of space taken up by the directory?

incorrect answer. Correct Answer:du -ac /home/badams

Which command should you enter at the command prompt to change the quota settings for the gshant user?

incorrect answer. Correct Answer:edquota -u gshant

You need to mount the CD-ROM device to the /media/cdrom directory. What command should you enter at the command prompt?

incorrect answer. Correct Answer:mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

After creating the aquota.user and aquota.group files in the /home directory, what command should you enter to enable quotas for the /home directory?

incorrect answer. Correct Answer:quotaon /home

Command to lists devices and their utilization

iostat

What is the appropriate tool to list the block devices on your system?

lsblk

Format the /dev/sdb1 partition with the ext3 file system

mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1 and press Enter (the -j switch enables journaling). mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 and press Enter. mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 and press Enter.

Which of the following commands formats the second partition on the fourth disk drive with the ext3 file system?

mke2fs -j /dev/sdd2

You need to create an ext4 file system on the first partition on the second hard disk drive. What command should you enter at the command prompt?

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

One of the Linux servers for the accounting department needs additional memory to fix recent performance issues. You have ordered the memory, but it is backordered, so you decide to add a swap partition to the server to help with the performance issues immediately. Which of the following commands will add a swap partition to the first partition on the third hard drive?

mkswap /dev/sdc1

A number of new file systems have been added to a Linux server and you want to activate them. You also do not want to bring the server down. What command will activate the file systems without bringing the server down?

mount -a

You have partitioned and formatted a new sdc hard drive. You want to mount the first partition on sdc to directory /mnt/newdisk. Which command will perform the mount correctly?

mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/newdisk

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Adds a new partition.

n

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Creates a new GUID partition table

o

What is the name of the partition management utility that will create both GUID partitions and file systems on those partitions?

parted

You want to create a standard Linux partition on your new hard drive that starts at 1 GB and ends at 21 GB. Which of the following commands should you enter to create the new partition?

parted mkpart Linux 1024 21504

Marco recently made some partition changes, and the kernel is not recognizing the partitions. Which of the following commands should Marco use to resolve the problem?

partprobe

You need to see who has permissions to the sales_projection_q2 file. You use ls -l sales_projection_q2 and receive the following information: drwxr-xr-x 22 pclark acct 4096 Jun 19 15:01 sales_projection_q2 Which user owns this file? (Your answer is case-sensitive.) Which group owns this file? (Your answer is case-sensitive.)

pclark acct

What is the name of the package that must be installed if you want to use disk quotas on your Linux system?

quota

Which command should you enter at the command prompt to display the current user's quota limits and disk usage?

quota

Which of the following commands displays the disk usage and quota limits for the development group?

quota -g development

Which of the following commands creates the aquota.user and aquota.group files in your file system after creating the quota entries in /etc/fstab?

quotacheck -mavug

Which of the following sets of permissions represent the minimal permissions required to allow a user to list the contents of a directory?

r-x

You want to save the details of the new array to a file for configuration at boot. Which of the following commands would you use? Answer sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf sudo mdadm --detail | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

You have a Linux system with two activated swap partitions, sda3 and sdb2. Which of the following commands can you use to deactivate only the sda3 swap partition?

swapoff /dev/sda3

You have created a swap area on sda3, but it is not activated. What command will activate this swap partition?

swapon /dev/sda3

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Changes a partition's type code.

t

On your Linux system, you have installed a second hard drive and created one partition on the drive. You have also installed a third hard drive and created two partitions on that drive. You now want to create a logical volume using the first partition on each new drive. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use pvcreate to initialize the partitions for use with LVM. Use vgcreate to create a volume group named data using these two partitions. Use lvcreate to create a 1-terabyte logical volume named art from the data volume group. Create a directory named product where you can mount the new logical volume. Format the new logical volume with ext4. Mount the logical volume to the product directory. Change to the product directory and create a file named newproduct. Verify the creation of the file and amount of disk space available on this new volume.

type ls /dev/sd* type pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 type vgcreate datta /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 type vgs type lvcreate --size 1 -n art data type mkdir product type mkfs.ext4 /dev/data/art type mount -t ext4 /dev/data/art product type cd product type touch newproduct type ls type df -h

Create the /mnt/disk directory Mount the /dev/sdb1 volume to /mnt/disk Mount the /dev/sdb1 volume with the ext3 filesystem

type mkdir /mnt/disk Type mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk Type mount and press Enter to verify that the volume is mounted correctly.

Create the swap partition on /dev/sdb2 Activate the swap partition on /dev/sdb2

type mkswap /dev/sdb2 and press Enter. type swapon /dev/sdb2 and press Enter.

Unmount /dev/sdb2 from /root/newdrive Mount /dev/sdb2 to /mnt/drive2

type umount /root/newdrive mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/drive2 Type mount and press Enter to verify that the volume is mounted correctly.

Partition /dev/sdb2 is mounted to /mnt/temp. You need to unmount /dev/sdb2. Which of the following commands can you use to unmount the partition? (Select two.) umount /dev/sdb2 dismount /mnt/temp umount /mnt/temp unmount /dev/sdb2 dismount /dev/sdb2

umount /dev/sdb2 umount /mnt/temp

After entering the gdisk utility what option... Writes changes to the partition table.

w

You have an XFS file system in your Linux computer. You need to display the XFS file system parameters, such as the block size and inode data structures. Which of the following commands can you use to display the file system parameters? (Select two.) xfs_metadump mkfs -F xfs xfs_growfs -n mkfs.xfs xfs_info

xfs_growfs -n xfs_info