Chapter 8 Drugs and Alcohol

Intoxication

- A state in which, sometimes, unpredictable physical and emotional changes occur. -may be potentially serious changes in physical functioning. -Affects emotions and judgement. -Recent drug use can have profound physical, emotional, and social effects.

Compulsive Gambling

- About 1% of adult Americans are compulsive gamblers and 2% are problem gamblers. -65% of pathological gamblers commit crimes to support their habit. -Suicide rate is 20% higher for compulsive gamblers.

Development of Addiction

-An activity becomes addiction once a behavior starts to be excessive or is done to bring pleasure or avoid pain. -Personality, lifestyle, heredity and the social and physical environment can determine where someone becomes addicted.

A person who cannot control the urge to gamble, even in the face of financial and personal ruin, is a(n) ______ gambler.

-Compulsive

Addtiction

-Drugs most often associated with addition and impairment are psychoactive drugs. -A chronic disease that involves disruption of the brain's systems related to reward, motivation and memory. -Psychological and physical dependence on a substance or behavior.

Which of the following best describes reaching a plateau in the dose-response function?

-Increasing the dose does not increase the drug's effect any further.

Which term describes a continued use of any substance despite adverse social, psychological, or medical consequences?

-Substance abuse

Which of the following statements about psychoactive drugs is true?

-They produce most of their main effects by acting on brain chemistry.

True or false: Men are more likely to try illicit drugs and to die from drug overdose than women.

-True

Which of the following best describes a compulsive gambler?

-a person who cannot control the urge to gamble, even when confronting financial and personal disaster

People under the influence of drugs, including alcohol, are more likely to be involved in which of the following?

-acts of violence -car accidents -unsafe sex

Which of the following terms is used in many contexts to describe a dysfunction of the brain systems that are related to reward, motivation, and memory?

-addiction

Females are _____ likely as men to eventually become addicted to drugs.

-equally

Addictive behaviors

-habits that are out of control with negative effects on a person's life. -loss of control is unrelenting pursuit of a reward through substance use or behaviors such as gambling.

What are risks associated with drug misuse?

-intoxication -exposure to unknown ingredients -legal consequences

Natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain and cause drowsiness or euphoria are

-opioids

The characteristic of addictive behaviors that encourages continuation because some aspect of the behavior either produces pleasurable physical or emotional states or relieves negative ones is known as

-reinforcement

Which of the following is the characteristic of addictive behavior related to the pleasurable physical or emotional states a drug produces?

-reinforcement

-Compulsive Excercising

-traits include preoccupation with body image, use of laxatives or vomiting to lose weight and development of other obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Substance misuse

-use of something outside of medical recommendations or legal guidelines. -i.e. use of painkillers to get high.

Which of the following is the most common characteristic of substance misuse or abuse?

-using a substance despite negative social, psychological, or medical consequences

Video Game Disorder

-using gaming to relieve anxiety or guilt, and risking opportunities or relationships due to time spent gaming.

Which of the following best describes central nervous system depressants?

They cause sedation.

The pleasing effects of a drug, usually felt soon after the drug is taken, are referred to as

a high

Once a psychoactive drug reaches the brain, it acts on one or more ______, increasing or decreasing their concentration and action in the brain

neurotransmitters

The drugs that are most often associated with addiction and that can alter a person's consciousness or experience are ______ drugs.

psychoactive

Which of the following best describes dose-response function?

the relationship between the amount of a drug taken and the intensity and type of the resulting effect