Chapter 8

Which of these is high in agency?

A man whose self-image depends on his individual accomplishments at work

Which of these is an ingroup member to John the vampire?

A vampire

Which of these is not an outgroup member to George the werewolf?

A werewolf

According to Allport's theory, contact reduces prejudice when:

All are correct

According to social role theory:

All are correct

Benefits of a jigsaw classroom include:

All are correct

Catharsis is:

All are correct

Controlled Information Processing:

All are correct

What is one way to decrease the effects of stereotype threat?

All are correct

Which of these is an internal attribution?

All are correct

Which of these people is likely to experience stereotype threat?

All are correct

Why might aggression lead to more aggression?

All are correct

Which form of sexism divides all women into two categories: either good and pure, or bad and unworthy of respect?

Ambivalent

Diekman and Eagly found that men of the past:

Are more likely to be seen as agency-focused

Rigid thinking and a belief that some people are just better than others are two signs of a(n) ____ personality.

Authoritarian

Which form of sexism believes that all women are delicate, pure, and should be treated like princesses?

Benevolent

Alfred Kinsey proposed a controversial idea that sexual orientation should be considered as a continuum or scale, instead of categories. This theory implies that statistically, most people will fall into which general label listed below?

Bisexuals

According to Diane Bridgeman, how do jigsaw classroom activities lower prejudice?

By increasing empathy

Social scientists have only identified a few matriarchal societies in the history of our planet; one matriarchal society is a rural community called the Musuo, where women own property and make decisions. In which country is this culture found?

China

Why doesn't mere contact work to reduce prejudice in schools?

Classrooms are competitive environments

____ theory says that privileged people will justify actions to keep their possessions, power, and status.

Conflict

The desegregation of U.S. schools in the 1950s showed:

Contact alone does not reduce prejudice

The contact hypothesis says:

Contact with another group will reduce prejudice

____ theory says that children are taught to be prejudiced through cultural norms.

Cultural transmission

An action that denies the rights of a person due to their membership in a group is called:

Discrimination

Which of these is an example of automatic information processing?

Hal feels jealous of Tom

Patricia Devine found that subliminal stereotype words resulted in:

Harsher judgment of Donald

How did Sherif resolve the intergroup conflict in his Robbers Cave experiment?

He had the boys solve problems together

How does history support realistic conflict theory?

Historically, times of scarce resources had higher prejudice

According to realistic conflict theory, under what situation will Marie's hotel not engage in institutionalized prejudice?

If they are the only hotel in town

____ discrimination occurs when a single person discriminates.

Individual

____ discrimination occurs when an organization has discriminatory rules.

Institutional

John is born with the chromosomes XYY. Based only on this information, which category of people does John fall into?

Intersexed people

Media violence:

Is correlated to real-life violence

Contact hypothesis:

Is the belief that contact with members of another group will reduce prejudice

How does stereotype threat affect performance?

It can make performance worse

In Aronson & Steele's classic stereotype threat study, which group performed best?

It depends on whether stereotype threat was increased or decreased

Which of these is not a theory for how media violence affects people?

It might make anti-violence feelings stronger

Which of these is an example of institutionalized prejudice?

Marie's hotel tends to promote people who are the same race as their guests

Which form of sexism denies that inequality between men and women is still a problem in society?

Modern

Which of these is an external attribution?

Nina believes the baby cries because she has colic

Which of these contributes to stereotypes?

Outgroup homogeneity

Stereotypes are:

Part of automatic information processing

A society in which male members have more social and political power than female members is called a(n):

Patriarchy

Which of these is an example of an external group attribution?

People believe that white basketball players are successful due to luck

Self-serving attributions are when:

People give internal reasons for success and external reasons for failure

A feeling about a person based on their membership in a group is called:

Prejudice

Which of these activities is most likely to reduce prejudice between groups?

Raising money for a good cause together

Two things that are correlated are:

Related to each other, but not necessarily cause-and-effect

____ theory says that people are prejudiced as a way to blame others for their problems.

Scapegoat

External and common differences between men and women, such as differences in height, men's ability to grow beards, and women's breasts, are referred to as which of the terms below?

Secondary sex characteristics

The term refers to biological differences between men and women, while the term _ refers to psychological differences, such as masculine vs. feminine.

Sex / Gender

____ theory says that prejudice is an attempt to enhance one's self-esteem through negative views of one's out-group.

Social identity

A belief about a group of people is called a:

Stereotype

Which of these is not an element of a jigsaw classroom?

Students are separated by race and/or gender

Stereotype threat is:

The fear that you'll confirm negative stereotypes about a group you belong to

Realistic conflict theory says:

The fewer resources available, the more prejudice there will be

Communion is:

The tendency to define oneself according to relationships

What is one thing that makes it hard to prove realistic conflict theory?

There is no way to accurately measure the causes of prejudice

People blame the victim because:

They want to maintain their positive self-image

Which stereotypes did Diekman and Eagly changed the most?

Those dealing with women

Consuela was born as a traditional, biological female. However, she feels more comfortable associating with other people as a man. She dresses in men's clothes, asks people to call her Constantine, and is preparing for surgery to change her genitals to male genitals. Based only on this information, which category of people does Consuela fall into?

Transsexuals

Which of these is an activity that people might engage in to seek catharsis?

Watching a violent movie

Long-term studies found that children who watched media violence:

Were more aggressive as teens and adults

In the 1970s study on aggression, subjects who shocked the confederate in the first round:

Were more aggressive in the second round

A famous study in the 1970s found that children who watched media violence:

Were more likely to be aggressive than those who didn't

Group attributions are:

When the success or failure of a group is given internal or external attributions

Automatic Information Processing is:

When we respond to information quickly and without thought

Ingroup heterogeneity is:

When you see members of an ingroup as diverse

Outgroup homogeneity is:

When you see members of an outgroup as similar

What type of information processing has been shown to be a contributor to stereotypical thinking?

automatic information processing

Jigsaw classrooms are shown to reduce prejudice by increasing what?

empathy

What type of attributions are closely linked to stereotypes?

group attributions

When it comes to the topic of catharsis, social psychology research supports that notion that aggression leads to what?

more aggression

A society in which the male figure in a family is expected to make all important decisions on behalf of the family would be referred to as what type of society?

patriarchy

Which social psychology theory states that when resources are scarce, prejudice increases.

realistic conflict theory

What term is used to describe how masculine or feminine a person is?

sex

The notion that men are more agency-focused and women are more communion-focused is rooted in what social psychology theory?

social role theory

An Asian-American male is anxious about his performance in a drivers education class after showing up the first day and seeing that all the other members of the class are Caucasian males. What social psychology concept might explain his anxiety about being in this class?

stereotype threat

All of the following are explanations posited by social psychologists as possible ways in which exposure to violent media leads to violent behavior except for which one?

violent media exposure reduces intelligence