Chapter 8 Geography: Section 1

The thickness of Earth's crust ranges from

5 km to 60 km (3mi to 37 mi).

Which of the following is false regarding Earth's magnetic field?

A given field orientation can last billions of years.

The shape of the Earth's surface results from:

All of the above- gravity, the action of wind, water and ice, the radioactive decay of atoms, gravity, wind, water, and ice only

Which of the following lists is the correct sequence from youngest to oldest?

Holocene, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene

The majority of Earth's crust is composed of _____ rock.

Igneous.

The rock type that represents the least amount of surface rock is the ______ rock.

Igneous.

Which of the following is true of the aesthenosphere?

It contains pockets of increased heat.

When geologists or archaeologists dig downward into a unti of rock sediment, they are digging "back in time." This fact is based on the principle of ________.

Superposition.

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is false?

The inner core is believed to be liquid and the outer core solid.

Tectonic forces:

Warp, fold, and uplift rock.

The presence of 180-million-year-old salt domes in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. indicates that

a sea used to cover the area but subqequently evaporated.

Earth's magnetic field is _____________________.

constant in its intensity.

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in Earth, from the surface to the center?

crust, aeshtenosphere, lower mantle, core

The major rock of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on

element composition.

Continental crust is basically ________, whereas oceanic crust is basically __________.

granite; basalt.

Three types of rock-forming processes compose the:

rock cycle.

Uniformitarianism assumes that _________________________.

the same physical processes we see today are a key of understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time.

Which of the following is not part of the hydrologic cycle?

radioactive decay.

Which of the following is true regarding the geologic time scale?

Both relative and absolute dating methods are used in determining the sequence of the time scale.

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of divisions in the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest?

Era, eon, epoch, period.

Glaciers that once covered the Hudson Bay area melted 8,000 years ago. As a result of this, the bay is gradually rising. In another 10,000 years or so, it will have risen above sea level and become dry. This process can be best considered an example of:

isostasy.

Which of the follwing is matched correctly?

magma- lava

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in the mantle, from center to surface?

mantle, aesthenosphere, upper mantle

The aeshtenosphere can be best described as

plastic-like.