Chapter 8

__________ are working groups established to facilitate the coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of government agencies.

Interagency councils

How did Americans' attitudes about the role of government change as a result of the Great Depression and Roosevelt's New Deal?

People became more accepting of the federal government's role in economic policy.

Constitutional conflict in foreign policy

President commander in chief Congress declares war

What has been the effect of requirements that agencies conduct a formal hearing before issuing rules?

The courts tend to give greater deference to agency decisions.

Which of the following was a consequence of the spoils, or patronage, system?

The federal bureaucracy was staffed with people who often lacked expertise.

Which of the following contributed to the growth of federal bureaucracy during the twentieth century?

World War II

Which of the following is an example of the merit system?

agencies hiring people based on their performance on entrance exam

One purpose of the Administrative Procedures Act (1946) is to __________.

ensure opportunities for public participation in the rule-making process

Which of the following is a presidential role in the federal bureaucracy?

nominating people for some federal jobs

What was the purpose of the Hatch Act (1939)?

to prohibit federal employees from engaging in partisan political activity

What's EPA

Business created to make sure businesses are taking care of the environment

Which of the following statements best describes Congress's influence over agency budgets?

Congress has the authority to appropriate money to agencies.

How are Cabinet secretaries similar to independent agency administrators?

Both are nominated by the president.

The civil service system (1883) was introduced with the passage of what law?

Pendleton Act

How are interagency councils similar to policy coordinating committees?

Both coordinate the activities of multiple agencies.

Which law designates the steps that federal agencies must follow in issuing rules and regulations?

Administrative Procedures Act

__________ is the authority that the federal bureaucracy uses to make the best choices to implement policies.

Administrative discretion

How do departments differ from independent agencies?

Department heads are part of the president's Cabinet; agency heads are not.

The __________ was one of the three original executive branch departments in the U.S. government.

Department of the Treasury

How do government corporations differ from private companies?

Government corporations perform activities that private companies have little incentive to provide.

How did the Pendleton Act (1883) reform the system of hiring and firing of most federal employees?

It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty.

Before 1883, how were government jobs awarded?

Jobs were awarded based on applicants' loyalty to the party in power.

2 congressional powers other than conflicts in foreign policy and explain in war making

Making laws: pass more laws makes president harder to follow Funding: President has hard time going with no money

2 reasons why congress let agencies make policy

Not an expert on every detail Puts blame on someone else because congress wants to be re-elected

2 provisions of war power act

Notifies congress within 48 hours 60 days conflict until congress gets involved

2 ways Congress makes sure agency is doing what they're supposed to be doing

Oversight committee Hearings (pass more laws)

Which statement about the quasi-judicial decisions made by government agencies is accurate?

They can be reviewed by federal courts.

Federal law requires that agencies must take what step before issuing new rules and regulations?

They must solicit public comments.

When did the largest growth in the federal workforce occur?

WWII

The __________ consists of the departments, agencies, and offices within the executive branch that perform the functions of government.

bureaucracy

Why was the spoils system ultimately replaced by the civil service system?

due to growing concerns about a poorly functioning federal bureaucracy

Which of the following is a function of the federal bureaucracy?

implementing congressional statutes

The president has the authority to __________.

make changes in an agency's annual budget proposals

What is the main purpose served by government corporations?

providing services that the private sector lacks a financial incentive to provide

What is a goal common to both the Pendleton Act and the Hatch Act?

reducing the influence of partisan politics on the federal bureaucracy

What is a major purpose of an independent regulatory commission?

regulate commerce

What role is the Environmental Protection Agency taking when it sets limits on air pollution from power plants?

regulation

__________ are rules created by government agencies that determine how laws are implemented.

regulations

Under amendments to the Hatch Act (1939), federal employees are prohibited from __________.

running for partisan office

Max Weber (1905) identified which of the following as a characteristic of an ideal bureaucracy?

task specialization

Which of the following is a part of the federal bureaucracy?

the Department of Defense

Congress's watchdog over executive branch spending is __________.

the General Accountability Office (GAO)

Which of the following is an example of an independent executive agency?

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Which of the following is an example of a government corporation?

the Tennessee Valley Authority

What event served as a catalyst for the creation of the Pendleton Act (1883)?

the assassination of James Garfield in 1881

Which was an influential factor in the expansion of the federal bureaucracy during the post-Civil War era?

the growing incidence of price fixing and other unfair business practices

Currently, a major concern in regards to the federal workforce is ___________.

the large number of workers who will soon be eligible to retire

Congress and the president share which of the following powers over agencies and departments in the federal bureaucracy?

the power to influence budgets

Cabinet secretaries are nominated by __________ and confirmed by __________.

the president; the Senate

What is implementation?

the process by which a law or policy is put into operation

Under the spoils system, who was awarded jobs in the federal bureaucracy?

those who helped candidates win election

Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt create hundreds of new government agencies?

to create jobs and to regulate the economy and business practices