Chapter 8

Child labor is a widespread problem that applies primarily to children (a) between the ages of 5 and 14. (b) between the ages of 10 and 14. (c) between the ages of 12 and 14. (d) between the ages of 12 and 16.

(a) between the ages of 5 and 14.

An individual's demand for education is most affected by (a) direct and indirect costs of schooling. (b) development priorities of the country. (c) the desire to escape agricultural work. (d) all of the above.

(a) direct and indirect costs of schooling.

Concentration of resources on higher rather than basic education in developing countries tends to lead to (a) greater inequality. (b) lower fertility. (c) less international migration. (d) more job creation.

(a) greater inequality.

Developing countries have not benefited as much as expected from their higher education programs because of (a) lack of program focus on the needs of the country. (b) increasing returns to scale in each individual's education. (c) graduates get jobs in the private sector. (d) all of the above.

(a) lack of program focus on the needs of the country.

Studies show that improved education of women in developing countries leads to (a) lower infant mortality. (b) better designed, market based development policies. (c) lower international dependence. (d) all of the above.

(a) lower infant mortality.

According to the 2005 UNDP Human Development Report child mortality (under age 5) has declined in all regions of the world except: (a) South Asia (b) Sub-Saharan Africa (c) Middle East and North Africa (d) None of the above

(b) Sub-Saharan Africa

According to the Regional HIV and AIDS Statistics data from WHO, which region of the world has the largest number of adults and children living with HIV? (a) South and South-East Asia (b) Sub-Saharan Africa (c) Latin America (d) North America

(b) Sub-Saharan Africa

The ILO approach to combating child labor stresses (a) encouraging parents to migrate to the cities in search of work. (b) banning child labor. (c) tackling the sources of poverty. (d) all of the above.

(b) banning child labor.

The World Bank approach to combating child labor stresses (a) making child labor legal under certain conditions. (b) tackling the sources of poverty. (c) encouraging families to migrate to richer countries. (d) providing each child with a computer so that children have an alternative to working.

(b) tackling the sources of poverty.

Human capital is best defined as (a) the amount of wealth people have. (b) the amount of money people have to spend on schooling. (c) human capacities that raise productivity. (d) the average education level of the population.

(c) human capacities that raise productivity.

As the number of years of schooling completed increases, the expected private return and private cost of education (a) increase at roughly the same rate. (b) increase at different rates with expected private return increasing at a slower rate than private cost. (c) increase at different rates with expected private return increasing at a faster rate than private cost. (d) do not increase.

(c) increase at different rates with expected private return increasing at a faster rate than private cost.

The supply of public school places is determined by (a) individuals' demand for education. (b) direct and indirect costs of schooling. (c) political processes, often unrelated to economic criteria. (d) all of the above.

(c) political processes, often unrelated to economic criteria.

Credential inflation results from (a) a combination of cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation. (b) rigidities in the industrial sector. (c) the need to select from among qualified applicants in the modern sector. (d) all of the above

(c) the need to select from among qualified applicants in the modern sector.

Education of girls is a crucial development investment because (a) it leads to improved child health. (b) it leads to reduced fertility. (c) women do most of the work in agriculture. (d) all of the above.

(d) all of the above.

It is important to place particular stress on the role of primary education in the development strategy because of (a) LDC's comparative advantage from basic skills education. (b) the law of diminishing returns. (c) development emphasis on poverty alleviation. (d) all of the above.

(d) all of the above.

The fact that developed countries have strong, widely attended university systems indicates that (a) university expansion should be a development priority. (b) universities teach skills used on the job. (c) developing countries place too much stress on agriculture. (d) none of the above.

(d) none of the above.