Chapter 8: Organizational Culture, Structure, and Design

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational _______.

culture

_______ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to mangers and employees lower in the hierarchy.

delegation

the more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly ______ it is.

differentiated

_______ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

differentiation

A _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit.

organization

These examples represent ________: - The BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees - a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

organization

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called an ______ chart.

organizational

_______ culture: - helps employees understand why the organization does what it does - significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization - represents beliefs and values shared among workers - is passed don't to new employees through socialization and mentoring - is the social glue that binds members of the organization together

organizational

In the elements of organizations, common ______ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

purpose

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your ______.

responsibility

A hospital is an example of a nonprofit organization because it is formed to offer _____ to clients.

services

According to the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF), the _______ dimension expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.

vertical

Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

The two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure are who specializes in what _____ and who _____ to whom.

work; reports

A ____ culture has characteristics of a family-type organization, strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction, and encourages collaboration among employees.

clan

A _____ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a ______ culture.

clan

The _______ approach to management emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situaiton.

contingency

The process of fitting the organization to its environment is referred to as the ______ approach to organizational structure.

contingency

Authority in organizations means ______-managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.

accountability

Rituals, decorations and awards would be considered observable _______ in an organization.

artifacts

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its observable ______.

artifacts

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.

authority

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide _____.

effort

In the common elements of organization elements or organizations, common purpose is realized through coordinated _____ which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

effort

_____-profit organizations are formed to make money by offering products or services. _____profit organizations are formed to offer services to clients rather than make money. ______-benefit organizations are voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests.

for; non; mutual

According to the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF), the _______ dimension expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers.

horizontal

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _______.

machanistic

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures.

market

More positive organizational outcomes in _____ cultures. More positive work attitudes in _____ cultures. Higher customer satisfaction in _____ and _____ cultures. Higher market share in ____ and ______ cultures. Better financial performance in _____ and ______ cultures.

market; clan; clan; market; clan; market; market; hierarchy

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a ______ organization.

mechanistic

A labor union is an example of a ______-beneift organization.

mutual

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______ artifacts.

observable

In terms of organization culture, a _____ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

_______ in an organizational culture represent objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

symbols

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall