Chapter 8: Police and the Rule of Law

Which of the following is part of the process for serving a warrant?

A limit to the scope and manner of searches A knock and announce action by the police

Can a police officer arrest a person for a noncriminal act like a traffic violation?

An officer can arrest a citizen for a noncriminal act if the arrest was made under reasonable circumstances.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the execution of an arrest without a warrant?

An officer is allowed to make an arrest without a warrant if she witnesses a felony. Following an arrest, the officer must immediately take that citizen before a magistrate for a probable cause hearing.

Which of the following statements are true about consent searches?

An officer may undertake a warrantless search if they don't have probable cause but obtain consent. Consent can be given by a citizen who has control over the area or object to be searched. Regarding the search, the person giving consent essentially waives their Constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment.

Select all the statements below which are true regarding plain view searches.

An officer must have the legal right to be at the location where the plain view search takes place. A search under the plain view doctrine does not require a search warrant.

The courts have ruled that when a warrant is served, an officer must do which of the following?

Knock on the door and announce their presence, authority, and intentions

Which statement is true regarding media presence during the execution of a warrant?

Members of the media are not allowed unless they serve a legitimate law enforcement function.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case concluded that a suspect in custody has the right to remain silent during an interrogation by police?

Miranda v. Arizonia

Can a third party who is the co-occupant of a residence give a police officer consent to search a location when the occupant is present and refuses to consent?

No, the co-occupant cannot give permission in this case.

If a person invokes their rights during an interrogation, which of the following is true?

Only the person being questioned has the right to invoke their rights under Miranda. The interrogation can resume after the person has had an opportunity to speak to an attorney or have an attorney present. The interrogation must be terminated.

Which one of the following answers best describes the Court's definition of any unoccupied or undeveloped real property outside the curtilage of a home?

Open field

During which process does a lineup take place?

Part of the pretrial identification process

In the case of Florida v. Bostick, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a decision that allows officers to conduct a bus sweep. Select all of the activities that officers are allowed to do under this ruling.

Request permission to search Question passengers Ask for identification

Which of the following statements are true regarding stop and frisk?

Stop and frisk is used in situations in which a police officer encounters a suspicious person. Stop and frisk consists of a "pat-down" of outer garments for weapons. The officer need not have "probable cause," but must have "reasonable suspicion" to conduct the pat-down.

Which landmark case defined the authority and limitations of stop-and-frisk doctrine?

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Select the law that restricts government wiretap authority.

The Federal Wiretap Act

Which rule says that evidence obtained from illegal searches and seizures is not admissible as evidence?

The exclusionary rule

Which of the following are true statements regarding the exclusionary rule?

The exclusionary rule is intended to be a series of checks and balances to deter or prevent police misconduct. The exclusionary rule includes the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine.

Neil v. Biggers established criteria to judge how credible a pretrial identification procedure is. What were the criteria?

The length of time between the crime and confirmation The opportunity for the witness to view the suspect at the crime The degree of attention by the witness and the accuracy of the prior description by the witness

Identify all of the general criteria established by the Court to judge the validity of a pretrial identification procedure.

The level of certainty demonstrated by the witness The witness's opportunity to view the criminal at the time of the crime

What did the Supreme Court rule in Bond v. United States?

The plain view doctrine was limited.

Which of the following are required explanations that police officers must give during Mirandizing?

The right to an attorney Informing them that anything they say can and will be used against them in court The right to remain silent

What protections are afforded by the Fourth Amendment?

The right to be secure in one's person, house, papers, and effects

How has the advancement of technology assisted the police?

GPS devices are being used to track suspects. Surveillance cameras are being used for the observation of suspects. Broadened wiretapping allows police to surveil more people. Drones are being used for observation.

Which statement below best describes what the courts consider probable cause?

A set of facts, information, circumstances, or conditions that would lead a reasonable person to believe that an offense was committed and that the accused committed that offense

Which original case allows a police officer to search an automobile without a warrant if they have probable cause to do so?

Carroll v. United States

The Court has ruled that derivative or secondary evidence obtained from a violation of the exclusionary rule is also considered inadmissible in a criminal court. What does the Court call this indirectly obtained evidence?

Fruit of the poisonous tree

Which of the following statements are true regarding law enforcement's use of GPS (global positioning systems)?

GPS devices allow officers to track the real-time location of suspects. The use of GPS devices has assisted police departments by alleviating manpower issues.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects criminal suspects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment

With regard to the use of GPS tracking devices, which of the following statements are true?

The U.S. Supreme Court concluded that the use of GPS tracking devices constitutes a search. The U.S. Supreme Court concluded that the use of GPS tracking devices requires "probable cause" to obtain a warrant.

Select all the requirements necessary before a warrant can be issued.

The warrant must particularly describe a location to be searched or a person to be seized. Probable cause exists to believe a crime has been committed. A neutral and detached magistrate must issue the warrant.

Identify all of the following statements that constitute an arrest.

When a police officer deprives a person of their freedom When a police officer takes a person into custody

According to the Court, under which conditions can a law enforcement officer conduct an emergency search of a suspect or location without the benefit of a warrant?

When exigent circumstances exist