Chapter 8: Project Quality Management M/C

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

CMMI

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____.

DMAIC

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

Defect

Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer

Define

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).

Normal distribution

_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

Pareto charts

_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.

Performance

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

Statistical sampling

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

Unit test

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

User acceptance testing

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.

Monitoring and controlling

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

3.4

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

Benchmarking

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:

An organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

Analyze

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.

Appraisal cost

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Design of experiments

Which of the following is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

Executing

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.

External failure cost

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.

Features

___means a product can be used as it was intended.

Fitness for use

_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

Functionality

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

ISO 9000

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.

Planning quality management

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.

Process adjustments

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

Quality control

_____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

Reliability

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.

Rework

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.

Six 9s of quality rule

The project's processes and products meet written specifications

Conformance to requirements

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

Control chart

____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

Crosby

_____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product.

Maintainability

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.

Metric