Chapter 8: The Integumentary System

Normally, it takes ____ seconds to re-perfuse the nail bed when assessing the perfusion of the extremity by squeezing the nail

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The patient has experienced ____ percent body-surface-area damage when both upper and lower limbs, the neck, and the head are burned

63%

Mechanical scraping of skin

Abrasion

Rubbing off or scratching off of the skin

Abrasion

Infection of the sebaceous gland

Acne

Which of the following statements is true about melanin, melanocytes, and skin color?

Adult humans, despite race or gender, have the same amount of melanocytes per skin square inch: skin color difference is due to the amount of melanin secreted from the standard number of melanocytes

____ is a genetic pigment disorder in which high a persons body cells do not produce the usual amounts of melanin

Albinism

Sexual attractant

Apocrine

Contractile tissue associated with hair follicle

Arrector pili

The skin muscle that contract, indirectly forming what is commonly known as gooseflesh or goose bumps, are called ____

Arrector pili

Fungal infection

Athletes foot

In hepatitis, a liver disease, ____ builds up in the blood, giving the skin an unhealthy yellowish color

Bilirubin

Yellow jaundice

Bilirubin

Heat, radiation, chemicals

Burn

Natural yellow hue to the skin

Carotene

The skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus forming a visible lesion on the lip margins is called:

Cold sore

Located in the middle layer of the skin, ____ fibers help the skin flex with movement of the body

Collagenous and elastic

Mechanical damage to skin

Contusion

Dry brown, green, red, or yellow area

Crust

True skin

Curium

Covers nail root

Cuticle

Alice is confined to bed after a car accident. She develops an infected ____ ulcer

Decubitus

Extended pressure on skin

Decubitus ulcer

Two characteristics are the used to evaluate burns: the ____ of the burn and the ____ of skin involved

Depth, extent

Touching poison ivy

Dermatitis

Contains glands, vessels, collagen, and elastic fibers

Dermis

The upper 20 percent of the ____ is called the papillary layer and is attached to the epidermis

Dermis

Cools the body

Eccrine

Which of the following sweat glands secrete at the hair follicle of sebaceous glands?

Eccrine

Superficial form of dermatitis

Eczema

In a condition called cirrhosis, a liver dysfunction, fair skin appears yellow, but in dark skin the yellow may not be evident. Where can the yellow color be seen?

Eyes

Herpes simplex

Fever blister

Skin healing

Fibroblasts

Which of the following cells pull edges of a wound together?

Fibroblasts

What role do white blood cells have in wound healing?

Fighting infection

What degree is a sunburn?

First

Crack or slit that reaches into dermis

Fissure

What is the most important clinical concern in serious burns?

Fluid loss

What are the three parts of hair?

Follicle, root, and shaft

Patches of excessive melanin production

Freckles

"Jock itch" is caused by which of the following?

Fungi

Encloses hair root

Hair follicle

To which of the following structures do the attractor pili muscles attach?

Hair follicle

When a person has an injury that does not break the skin yet damages the underlying small blood vessels, this person has experienced an _____

Hematoma

Shingles, caused by the ____ virus, are found mainly on the torso or trunk of the body

Herpes zoster

Bob catches step throat from his niece. His doctor gives him a Jew antibiotic for the infection. A few days into the medication, he develops a red, raised itchy rash. This kind of skin reaction to medication is called:

Hives

Which of the following layers of skin is a the deepest?

Hypodermis

Why is vitamin D a necessity for healthy bones and teeth?

It is needed for calcium absorption in the intestine

A yellowish coloration of the skin is called:

Jaundice

A mass of scar tissue that has raised, firm, irregular shape

Keloid

Found in hair and nails

Keratin

Hair is composed of a protein called:

Keratin

The outer layer of the epidermis contains dead cells filled with:

Keratin

An ____ is a pathologically altered patch of skin

Lesion

Fat

Lipocytes

Proximal, whitish, half moon part of nail

Lunula

Discolored spot on skin

Macule

Cancer

Malignant melanoma

UV radiation

Malignant melanoma

Adheres nail body to nail bed

Matrix

Located in the eyelids, these glands secrete sebum into tears

Meibomiam

Darkening of the skin

Melanin

The substance or pigment responsible for the darkening of the skin is ____

Melanin

What determines the color of hair?

Melanin

The most dangerous and life threatening of the skin cancers is ____

Melanoma

Shaving or frequent trimming will:

NOT cause hair to grow faster, back slower or back curlier

Solid, elevated area on skin

Papule

Itching, scaling, redness, circular borders

Psoriasis

Elevated pus-filled lesion

Pustule

Infected hair follicle

Pustule

The clinical term for pimple is ____

Pustule

Nails grow from the nail ____

Root

A clinician can estimate that he extent of the area covered by a burn using what strategy?

Rule of nines

Egg-laying mites

Scabies

Thin, dry, flaky epidermis

Scale

Lubricates and moisturizes hair and skin

Sebaceous

"Dry skin" refers to the lack of ____

Sebum

Oil

Sebum

What determines the texture of hair?

Shaft shape: flat shafts produce curly hair; round shafts produce straight hair

Herpes zoster

Shingles

The reawakening of dormant chicken pox years later is known as ____

Shingles

A third degree burn penetrates through the ____

Skin

Layer in which epidermal cells are born

Stratum basale

The ____ layer of the epidermis is constantly shedding as a part of the skin replacement process

Stratum corneum

The cells of the epidermis are born in this layer:

Stratum germinativum

Anything that is under the skin is called ____

Subcutaneous

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous

Excretes water and nitrogenous wastes

Sudoriferous

Acne develops when:

There is an overproduction of sebum and an inflammation of the oil glands

The most severe of the burns, ____ degree burn, is marked by tissue damage from the skins surface to the bone

Third

What is the most important trigger of skin cancer?

UV radiation

Eating away of the skin

Ulcer

Open necrotic sore

Ulcer

Allergic reaction

Urticaria

Hives

Urticaria

Small sac filled with fluid

Vesicle

One function of skin is ____

Vitamin D production, protection against fluid loss, protection against UV radiation, temperature regulation and sensory input

In order for effective body cooling to occur:

Water from sweat glands is excreted off, dispelling heat from the surface

Raised, often itchy spot

Wheal

A human adult, having thousands of sweat glands per square inch, has the potential of excreting up to ____ liters of sweat in n 24 hours

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