chapter 9, 10, 11, 12 bio 163 exam

the endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the

Pituitary gland

Life at a high altitude can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as

Polycythemia

Which of these blood types carries no antigens:

blood type ab

the presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ____________.

bone length is increasing

the condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called

Physiologic jaundice

the lymph tissues found within the walls of the small instestine are called

peyer's patches

two types of endocytosis are __________.

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

what is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane?

phosopholipid head, phopholipid tails, phospholipids tails, phospholipid head

which of these body regions is located on the inferior body surface?

plantar

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to:

smell

vaccines are NOT for

snake bites

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) includes the

tonsils, appendix, and peyer's patch

The secretion of sweat is stimulated

both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT:

catalyze cylic AMP

which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

celiac artery

the purpose of ______________ is to produce two genetically identical cells.

cell division

the flap-like opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ______.

foramen ovale

A smooth, sustained contraction is called ________.

fused, or complete, tetanus

Lymph is largely composed of water that escaped from _______________.

blood

Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding.

30 percent

the average heart beats about ___ times per minute

75

the blood type that contains both antigens A and B is

AB

which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

AIDS

which blood type contains the A antigen only

Blood type A

the two hormones released by the thyroid gland are _________.

Calcitonin and thyroid hormone

which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells

Cellular mutations occur

which of the following letters in the ABCD rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

D stands for diagnosis

What does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes

IgB

abnormally low levels of white blood calls causes a condition known as

Leukopenia

the hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is

Testosterone

Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as

Xenografts

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ____.

addison's diesease

an important plasma protien that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is

albumin

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ________.

anemia

which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses

antibody production

A(n) ___________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immmune system and provoking an immune response.

antigen

a substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the

antigen

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

aorta

a hormone produced by the heart, known as _____________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are subdivisions of the _____________.

autonomic nervous system

Hairs are found associated with the ________.

axillary region

Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant?

basophil

what anchors are the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles

chordae tendineae

membrane attack complex (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst, this is a result of ?

complement fixation

the binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called _________.

complement fixation

what is the chief way the body responds to antigens?

complement fixation

which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect?

cretinism

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called

cross matching

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to __________.

delayed hypersensitivity

which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall

desmosomes

which one of the following statements about aging is most accurate?

despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore, additional learning can occur throughout life

the process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called?

diapedesis

the process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed

diapedesis

the thalamus , hypothalamus, and epithelium collectively constitute the _______________.

dicephalon (interbrain)

Which two organ systems include the pancreas?

digestive and endocrine systems

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

distal

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

which horomones regulate the females menstrual cycle

estrogens and pregesterone

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called

helper t cells

the condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called

hemolytic disease of the newborn

the process by which bleeding is stopped is called

hemostasis

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called:

hormonal stimulus

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called __________.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

trans fat are oils that have been solidified by the addition of ____________.

hydrogen atoms

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

hypertension (high blood pressure)

the auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the

incus

small proteins known as __ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected

interferons

IgE _______________.

is involved in allergies

The hyoid bone is unique because

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________.

isotonic contractions

the adaptive (specific) defense system __________.

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

left ventricle

the organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the __________.

liver

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

lymph nodes

which type of granulocyte produces antibodies?

lymphocytes

the blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of _____________.

metabolic waste such as urea

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to the

middle ear

one neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________________.

motor unit

white blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain

nucleus and organelles

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body is a(n)

organ

compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed _______ compounds.

organic

which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steriod hormone?

oxytocin

Bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone ________.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The sensory homunculus is located in the primary somatic sensory area in the ________.

parietal lobe

sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes _________.

promote the formation of sex cells

the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ____________ an atom contains.

protons

the transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ______________ circulation

pulmonary

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to:

reabsorb sodium

the sinotrial node is located in the

right atrium

the aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the

scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)

tropic hormones

stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

in adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ____________.

store adipose tissue

the epidermis is composed of ____________.

stratified squamous epithelium

the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as _________.

stroke volume (SV)

which of these enzymes catalyzes sucrose?

sucrase

the epimysium covering on the outside of the muscle can blend into cordlike _______________ or sheetlike _____________.

tendons; aponeuroses

lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of

the body's own cells

which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies?

the constant regions form an antigen-binding site

the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyriod-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the ____________ gland.

thyroid

why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant?

to inhibit the formation of clots

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat:

tonsils

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?

type 1 diabetes

the navel is located in the ____________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity

umbilical

active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive

vaccines

the region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the _________ region

variable or V

capillary beds are drained by vessels known as

venules

the layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the ____________ layer.

visceral

the mitral valve is normally closed

when the ventricle is in systole