Chapter 9

What simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn?

Artificial intelligence

Which of the following represent unstructured decisions?

Entering a new market Entering a new industry

Solution Test

Evaluate solutions in terms of feasibility (can it be completed?), suitability (is it a permanent or a temporary fix?), and acceptability (can all participants form a consensus?).

What is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn?

Machine learning

Weak AI

Machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data.

________ bias occurs when there is a problem with the data collected that skews the data in one direction.

Measurement

What affects how the firm is run from day-to-day; they are the domain of operations managers, who are the closest to the customer?

Operational decisions

Select the three characteristics of operational decisions.

Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types Short term and day-to-day operational time frames Analysts and staff employee types

Select three characteristics of strategic decisions.

Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types

_______ bias is a mathematical property of an algorithm.

Variance

What is a mathematical property of an algorithm?

Variance bias

________ workplace is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space.

Virtual

What produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data?

Visualization

______ produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data.

Visualization

________-if analysis checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model.

What

Digital __________ track KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meetuser needs.

dashboards

A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.

executive

_______ documents are the original transaction record.

Source

Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.

Stores the information Processes the information according to defined business rules Updates existing information to reflect the new information

______ decisions involve higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization and define the organization's aspirations for the future.

Strategic

What involves higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization; these decisions define the organization's overall goals and aspirations for the future?

Strategic decisions

What is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions?

Transaction processing system

What are decisions that occur in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice?

Unstructured

What is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space?

Virtual workplace

Which DDS analysis technique checks the impact of a single change in a variable or assumption on the model?

What-if analysis

Strong AI

Works towards providing brain like powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.

analytical

Managers need to analyze large amounts of _________ to make quick business decisions.

information

A(n) ______ rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data.

pivot

What rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data?

pivot

What is the original transaction record?

source document

A(n) __________ (one word) processing system is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions?

transaction

Strategic decisions are highly ______ decisions, occurring in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice.

unstructured

What tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs?

Digital dashboard

What enables users to view details, and details of details, of information?

Drill-down

_______ enables users to view details, and details of details, of information.

Drill-down

__________ is the ability to look at information from different perspectives, such as analyzing total product sales during a given promotion versus the sales of a single product across all promotions.

Slice-and-Dice

What is the ability to look at information from different perspectives?

Slice-and-dice

_______ information encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.

Transactional

What type of information encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions?

Transactional information

List the steps in the decision-making process.

1. Problem Identification 2. Data Collection 3.Solution Generation 4. Solution Test 5. Solution Selection 6.Solution Implementation

__________ information encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions.

Analytical

What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?

Analytical information

_________ intelligence simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn.

Artificial

What does fuzzy logic assign as values to vague or ambiguous information?

Between 0 and 1

Which of the following represents a semistructured decision?

Changing employee benefits

What is the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information?

Consolidation

________ is the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information.

Consolidation

Select the three structured decisions that are almost repetitive in nature and affect short-term business strategies.

Creating weekly production schedules Creating employee staffing schedules Reordering inventory

_________ support systems model information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action.

Decision

Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action?

Decision support system

Select the three primary types of MIS decision-making systems.

Decision support systems Executive information systems Transaction processing system

Problem Identification

Define the problem as clearly and precisely as possible.

Solution Generation

Detail every solution possible, including ideas that seem farfetched.

Machine learning

Enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

What is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight?

Executive information system

__________ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems.

Expert

What are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?

Expert systems

_________ logic is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information.

Fuzzy

What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?

Fuzzy logic

Data Collection

Gather problem-related data, including who, what, where, when, why, and how. Be sure to gather facts, not rumors or opinions about the problem.

_________ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem

Genetic

What is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem?

Genetic algorithm

__________ -seeking analysis finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output.

Goal

What finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output?

Goal-seeking analysis

What is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance?

Infographic

______ is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance.

Infographic

Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today.

Manager must make decisions quickly Managers need to analyze large amounts of information Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions

__________ decisions concern how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management.

Managerial

What concerns how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management?

Managerial decisions

What occurs when there is a problem with the data collected that skews the data in one direction?

Measurement bias

What is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality?

Model

How can a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Office Excel, help managers make decisions?

Modeling relationships

_________ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.

Neural

What is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works?

Neural network

What is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making?

Online analytical processing (OLAP)

What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

______ decisions affects how the firm is run from day-to-day; they are the domain of operations managers, who are the closet to the customer.

Operational

_________ analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints.

Optimization

Which type of analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints?

Optimization analysis

What is a result of training data that is influenced by cultural or other stereotypes?

Prejudice bias

_______ bias is a result of training data that is influenced by cultural or other stereotypes.

Prejudice bias

_______ bias is a problem with using incorrect training data to the train the machine.

Sample

What is a problem with using incorrect training data to the train the machine?

Sample bias

Select three characteristics of managerial decisions.

Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames Middle management and director employee types

______ analysis is a special case of what-if analysis and includes the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly.

Sensitivity

What is a special case of what-if analysis and includes the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly?

Sensitivity analysis