Chapter 9
30) Which of the following antibodies would most likely be involved with the immune response against a microorganism entering the digestive or reproductive tract?
A) IgA
46) Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as a(an)
A) allergen.
20) All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT
A) antibodies.
8) Antibiotics are most likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by
A) bacteria.
44) Antibiotics kill bacterial cells but do not (usually) damage human cells by taking advantage of the difference between human and bacterial cells. These differences include
A) bacterial cells have cell walls, human cells do not.
23) Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body?
A) cell-mediated immunity
26) Which one of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but NOT B lymphocytes?
A) direct attack of antigen-bearing cells
47) Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks
A) its own connective tissue.
43) All of the following are used in making monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?
A) mouse T cells from thymus
18) Which of the following leukocytes kills its target cells, such as cancer cells or virus-infected cells, by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane?
A) natural killer cells
3) Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
A) rabies
25) Which one type of cells is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?
B) B lymphocytes
31) Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine?
B) IgE
24) Antibodies are classified by size, location, and function, and which one of the following represents the most common type of immunoglobulin?
B) IgG
10) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen?
B) Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood.
The figure above illustrates antibody titers produced during a primary and secondary immune response. All of the following statements about the primary and secondary immune response are correct EXCEPT which one?
B) The antibody level produced in the secondary response is three times greater than that produced during the primary immune response
33) Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?
B) The four polypeptide chains that make up an antibody molecule are linked by disulfide bonds.
Referring to the figure above, the progression from Phase II HIV infection to Phase III is marked by
B) a drop in the helper T cell count to less than 200/mm3.
Identify the figure above.
B) antibody
39) Vaccines contain
B) antigens of the pathogen.
35) Which one of the following enables T helper cells to stimulate and activate other cells of the immune response
B) cytokines
1) Ebola virus can be transmitted via
B) direct contact with bodily fluids of an infected person.
17) Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?
B) eosinophils
12) Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by
B) having keratin in the uppermost layer.
27) The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that
B) if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells.
22) Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to uninfected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral-infected cells are
B) interferon.
40) Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity
B) involves the administration of preformed antibodies.
49) HIV is classified as a retrovirus because
B) it makes a DNA copy of its RNA once inside the host cell.
16) The following is a list of steps involved in the process of phagocytosis. Which of the following answers indicates these steps in the CORRECT order? 1. Lysosome fuses with the vesicle containing a foreign cell. 2. Wastes from the foreign cell are removed. 3. The foreign cell is surrounded by the cell membrane of the phagocyte. 4. Lysosomal enzymes break down the foreign cell. 5. The foreign cell is contained within a vesicle.
C) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
13) Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice
C) Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce.
51) Which of the following is TRUE regarding HIV and AIDS?
C) Due to improved availability of drugs combating HIV in the United States, there is an increase in the life span of people living with AIDS.
48) All of the following are involved in the generation of an allergic response EXCEPT which one
C) IgG
34) Which one of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?
C) T helper cell
7) Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially
C) becomes self-propagating, causing misfolding of nearby normal proteins.
21) Which of the following are proteins in the blood that can be activated to lyse bacterial cells, mark other bacterial cells for destruction, and enhance inflammation?
C) complement
4) Bacteria are helpful to humans in many ways, including all of the following EXCEPT which one
C) digestion of cellulose in the human intestine
45) All of the following are routinely done to assure a successful organ transplant and minimize the chance of organ rejection EXCEPT which one?
C) irradiate the recipient to knock out his or her immune system prior to the transplant
11) Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?
C) lymphocytes
2) Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as
C) nonspecific mechanisms.
50) Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV from human to human?
C) saliva
52) Which of the following best describes Phase I of HIV infection?
C) swollen lymph nodes, chills, fever, body aches
36) Which immune system cell must be presented with antigen by an antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage, in order to become appropriately activated?
D) T lymphocyte
38) Which one of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime?
D) The viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure
9) Which of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?
D) They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells.
6) The bubonic plague epidemic that swept through Europe between 1348 and 1350 A.D. was induced by a(n)
D) bacterium.
42) Which one of the following would result in passive immunity?
D) movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child
32) During cytotoxic T cell attack of a target cell, which one of the following is released to pierce the cell membrane of the foreign cell, which ultimately kills the target cell?
D) perforin
29) Once a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, what happens to the foreign cell?
E) The bacterium is killed by digestive enzymes released from lysosomes.
41) An individual with an uncertain vaccine history has been brought to the emergency room after receiving severe lacerations in an accident with farm machinery. In addition to administering a tetanus toxoid vaccine, he is given a shot of tetanus immune globulin (TIG), a form of passive immunization. Why are both necessary?
E) The tetanus immune globulin provides immediate, short-term protection, and the tetanus vaccine provides long-term protection
5) When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?
E) Viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material.
All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?
E) antibodies
19) All of the following are ways in which a mild fever participates as part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body EXCEPT
E) enhancing the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells.
15) The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from
E) mast cells.
