chapter 9

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G↓AATTC. Which of the following is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI? A) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA. B) Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G. C) All of the DNA will have blunt ends. D) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G. E) All of the DNA will be circular.

A) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.

The random shotgun method is used in A) genome sequencing. B) RFLP analysis. C) amplification of unknown DNA. D) forensic microbiology. E) transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA.

A) genome sequencing.

An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it A) lacks introns. B) lacks exons. C) can form very large DNA segments. D) contains selectable markers. E) is very easy to isolate.

A) lacks introns.

Gene silencing involves all of the following EXCEPT A) production of double stranded RNAs. B) Dicer. C) small interfering RNAs. D) small interfering RNA binding to a gene promoter. E) RNA-induced silencing complex.

A) production of double stranded RNAs.

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E. coli? A) transformation B) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium C) gene guns D) microinjection

A) transformation

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

B) 2

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have? A) thousands B) 8 C) 2 D) 4 E) 16

B) 8

Which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA? GCATGGATCCCAATGC A) Enzyme Recognition HaeIII GG↓CC CC↑GG B) Enzyme Recognition BamHI G↓GATCC CCCTAG↑G C) Enzyme Recognition Pst ICTGC↓G G↑ACGTC D) Enzyme Recognition EcoRI G↓AATTC CTTAA↑G E) Enzyme Recognition HindIII A↓AGCTT TTCGA↑A

B) Enzyme Recognition BamHI G↓GATCC CCCTAG↑G

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. B) Thermus aquaticus. C) Bacillus thuringiensis. D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. E) Pseudomonas.

B) Thermus aquaticus.

In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are A) ori. B) ampR and lacZ. C) lacZ and ori. D) ampR and ori. E) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI.

B) ampR and lacZ.

Restriction enzymes are A) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA. B) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA. C) animal enzymes that splice RNA. D) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA

B) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by A) selection. B) site-directed mutagenesis. C) enrichment. D) irradiating the cells. E) selective breeding.

B) site-directed mutagenesis.

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because A) all cells have DNA. B) the RNA primer is specific. C) all cells have RNA. D) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA. E) DNA can be electrophoresed.

B) the RNA primer is specific.

Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a A) PCR. B) vector. C) Southern blot. D) library. E) clone.

B) vector.

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order? 1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands; 2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis; 3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization. A) 1, 2, 3 B) 3; 1; 2 C) 1, 3, 2 D) 2; 1; 3 E) 3, 2, 1

C) 1, 3, 2

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease? A) reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) B) DNA fingerprints C) DNA fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase PCR(rtPCR) D) DNA fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms E) restriction fragment length polymorphisms

C) DNA fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase PCR(rtPCR)

In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required? A) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA B) electrophoresis to separate fragments C) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA D) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest E) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose

C) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to A) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme. B) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme. C) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme. D) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme. E) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.

C) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.

An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to A) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase. B) obtain genes that lack introns. C) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence. D) obtain genes that lack exons. E) isolate unknown genes.

C) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques? A) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation) B) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide C) pectinase D) frost retardant E) glyphosate-resistant crops

C) pectinase

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is A) DNA polymerase. B) spliceosome. C) reverse transcriptase. D) DNA ligase. E) RNA polymerase.

C) reverse transcriptase.

Biotechnology involves the A) use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines. B) development of disease-resistant crop plants. C) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants. D) use of microorganisms to make desired products. E) use of animal cells to make vaccines.

C) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants.

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 1-Translation 2-Restriction enzyme 3-Prokaryotic transcription 4-DNA ligase 5-Transformation 6-Eukaryotic transcription 7-Reverse transcription Which of the following places the steps in the correct order? A) 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 1 B) 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 C) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6 D) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 E) 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1

D) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below. What is the second step? A) Add enzyme substrate. B) Lyse human cells. C) The order is unimportant. D) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA. E) Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.

D) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.

Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product? A) It does not secrete most proteins. B) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins. C) Endotoxin may be in the product. D) Its genes are well known. E) It cannot process introns.

D) Its genes are well known.

The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step? A) Digest with a restriction enzyme. B) Add stain. C) Perform electrophoresis. D) Lyse cells. E) Collect DNA.

D) Lyse cells.

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a B) PCR. C) vector. D) clone. E) library.

D) clone.

The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

D) d

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes A) the recombinant cell unable to survive. B) the recombinant cell dangerous. C) replica plating possible. D) direct selection possible. E) All of the answers are correct.

D) direct selection possible.

Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures? A) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome B) has a selectable marker C) may replicate in several species D) large size E) self-replication

D) large size

Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a B) vector. C) Southern blot. D) library. E) PCR.

D) library.

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is A) tRNA → mRNA. B) DNA → DNA. C) DNA → mRNA. D) mRNA → cDNA. E) mRNA → protein.

D) mRNA → cDNA.

The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is A) forensic microbiology. B) proteomics. C) reverse genetics. D) metagenomics. E) bioinformatics.

D) metagenomics.

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to A) delete genes necessary for modified organism's growth. B) provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides. C) provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms. D) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment. E) kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment.

D) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA? A) RNA processing to remove introns B) reverse transcription C) transcription D) translation

D) translation

In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the entire ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene? A) 0.17 kbp B) 0.25 kbp C) 3.00 kbp D) 1.08 kbp E) 1.50 kbp

E) 1.50 kbp

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is A) transformation. B) translation. C) site-directed mutagenesis. D) restriction mapping. E) PCR.

E) PCR.

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B? A) DNA fingerprinting B) complementary DNA (cDNA) C) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids) D) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) E) RNA interference (RNAi)

E) RNA interference (RNAi)

A restriction fragment is A) a segment of tRNA. B) a segment of mRNA. C) cDNA. D) a gene. E) a segment of DNA.

E) a segment of DNA.

The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on A) identifying all of the genes in the human genome. B) cloning all of the genes of the human genome. C) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome. D) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders. E) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.

E) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.

In Figure 9.4, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media containing ampicillin and X-gal will A) form white, ampicillin-sensitive colonies. B) form blue, ampicillin-resistant colonies. C) form blue, ampicillin-sensitive colonies. D) not grow. E) form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies.

E) form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies.

In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is A) EcoRI. B) lacZ. C) ampR. D) HindIII. E) ori.

E) ori.

T/F The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.

False

T/F The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection.

False

T/F The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products.

False

T/F A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.

True

T/F Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.

True

T/F In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome.

True

T/F Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.

True

T/F One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli.

True

T/F The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.

True

T/F The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns. `

True

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) spliceosome. D) DNA polymerase. E) reverse transcriptase

a) RNA polymerase