Chapter 9

The type of cells responsible for producing and releasing antibodies are

B lymphocytes

Vaccines contain

antigens of the pathogen

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? a. toxic shock syndrome b. rabies c. tuberculosis d. Lyme disease e. syphilis

b. rabies

Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine? (This is also the rarest type of antibody.) Select one: a. IgG b. IgD c. IgE d. IgA e. IgM

c. IgE

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the immune response? a. The immune response involves the ability to "remember" exposures to pathogens in order to increase the rate of response upon subsequent infections by that pathogen. b. Once initiated, the immune response provides protection for the entire body. c. The immune response uses chemical and phagocytic cells to destroy foreign cells. d. The immune response involves the activities of proteins, cells, and the lymphatic system. e. The key to immune response is the ability of the components involved to be able to distinguish between the body cells and foreign cells.

c. The immune response uses chemical and phagocytic cells to destroy foreign cells.

Which of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime? a. These individuals do not produce enough white blood cells. b. The viruses that cause these colds constantly produce new antibodies, which cause the symptoms. c. The B cells of these individuals destroy their T cells. d. The viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure. e. The immune system has a hard time identifying the viruses that cause the colds.

d. The viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure.

Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by a. producing acidic secretions. b. having keratin in the uppermost layer. c. production of antibodies. d. shedding old skin and repairing skin with new layers. e. All are correct, except for the production of antibodies.

e. All are correct, except for the production of antibodies.

Bacteria are among the smallest living organisms on the planet, which is an advantage for which of the following reasons ? a. they require less nutrients than a larger organism. b. a high surface area-to-volume ratio. c. small size makes it easy to obtain raw materials. d. the ability to discard waste into the environment. e. All of these.

e. All of these

Which of the following antibodies would most likely be involved with the immune response against a microorganism entering the digestive or reproductive tract? Select one: a. IgD b. IgE c. IgG d. IgM e. IgA

e. IgA

A mild fever is part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body by _________. a. creating an inhospitable internal environment for pathogenic bacteria. b. speeding up defense reactions. c. increasing the metabolic rate of body cells. d. increasing the rate of tissue repair. e. all of these

e. all of these

Physical and chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens include Select one: a. defecation. b. earwax. c. tears. d. resident bacteria. e. all of these

e. all of these

Prions _________. a. are believed to be the pathogen that causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. b. are resistant to high temperatures and drying. c. are proteins that are capable of replicating themselves. d. are normal brain proteins that have an incorrect shape. e. all of these

e. all of these

The advantage of having memory cells in our specific defenses is

if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells

Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity

involves the administration of pre-formed antibodies.

Body defenses that respond to damage to tissues and cells are referred to as

non-specific mechanisms

Which of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system? a. T helper cell b. cytotoxic T cell c. T memory cell d. T suppressor cell e. both T memory cells and T suppressor cells

a. T helper cell

The primary immune response __________. a. has a lag time of approximately 20 days. b. produces antibodies and immunity. c. involves the production and proliferation of T cells. d. involves recognition of an antigen.

all of these

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the lymphatic system? a. Lymphatic vessels have valves that keep lymph moving in one direction. b. Blood flows into lymphatic capillaries, is filtered, and then flows out of lymphatic capillaries. c. Lymphatic vessels merge to form the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. d. Lymph is transported to the bloodstream. e. Lymph contains proteins, fats, and white blood cells

b. Blood flows into lymphatic capillaries, is filtered, and then flows out of lymphatic capillaries.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding macrophages? a. are active within the tissues b. remove and destroy old blood cells and tissue debris c. develop from B lymphocytes in response to the presence of an antigen d. are capable of phagocytosis e. release chemicals that stimulate the production of other white blood cells

c. develop from B lymphocytes in response to the presence of an antigen

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the complement system? a. Activated components of this system adhere to bacterial cell walls and then put holes in these cell walls. b. This system involves a group of at least 20 proteins found in the blood plasma. c. During an infection, one protein in this system activates the next in a cascade of reactions. d. Some components of this system stimulate eosinophils to release histamine. e. Some components of this system stick to the walls of bacterial cells, marking them for phagocytosis.

d. Some components of this system stimulate eosinophils to release histamine.