Chapter 9 & 10 Review
Antisemitism
Prejudice against Jews
cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
How many years passed from the first serious Muslim threat to Constantinople until the city finally fell to Muslim conquerors? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
358 years (from 1095 when Seljuk Turks were 100 miles away to 1453, the Fall of Constantinople.
Ottoman Empire
A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922. The conquered the Byzantine Empire at Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul.
Reconquista
Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms.
How did the Crusaders make European monarchs stronger?
By taking nobles away to fight
What do the products listed below have in common?-cotton-melons-apricots-pepper
Crusaders brought them back to Europe form the Middle East.
How did Salah al-Din change conditions in the Middle East?
He re-conquered most of Palestine, untied Muslims with his leadership.
Pope Urban II
Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades
The Mughal Empire carried Islam to?
Most of India
Mughal Empire
Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Which group conquered the Byzantine Empire?
Ottomans
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain used the Inquisition against Muslims and Jews who had become Christian. What did it accuse them of doing?
Practicing their old religion.
Inquisition
Roman Catholic court established to find and punish those who were "converts" but still practicing their old faith
what was the location of the reconquista
Spain (Iberian Peninsula)
Genghis Khan's successors fought with Muslims in the Middle East. Which events on the timeline show a success and a failure of theirs in this conflict?
Success-Event: Success: Mongols destroy Baghdad, Date: 1258Failure- Event: Failure: Mongols stopped by Mamluks in Palestine. Date: 1260
Which other event on the timeline occurred during the last group of Crusades?
The Jews were expelled from England.
What was one long-term result of the Mongol conquest of Muslim lands?
The Mongols converted to Islam.
What did Muslims lose as a result of the Reconquista?
Their land in Spain,
Which statement describes the effect of the Crusades on Jews?
They were persecuted throughout Europe.
What was the overall purpose of the Christians in the Crusades?
To gain control of Palestine.
Salah al-Din's role in the Third Crusade
United Syria, Egypt and other lands to the east. Led a renewed fight against the Crusaders, and was able to regain the holy land.
The concept of zero
Was developed in India and spread by Muslims, made it easier to write large numbers, and for people to be able to distinguish between numbers
Jerusalem as a holy city for Muslims
Where Muhammad rose to heaven on his Night Journey
who set up the Christian Crusader kingdoms in Palestine and Syria in the early 1100s?
Winners of the First Crusade (christians)
Navigational tools that Muslims adapted and improved
compass, maps, astrolabe
Irrigation tools that Muslims adapted and improved
dams, aqueducts, improved canals, and underground wells, the waterwheel
Jerusalem as a holy city for Jews
it was their spiritual capital, and where their great temple once stood
movement of children and the poor
major difference between the first three crusades, and the later ones
Purpose of the Crusades for Christians
to gain control of the holy land
Jerusalem as a holy city for Christians
where Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead