Chapter 9, Body Composition and Body Weight

A healthy BMI for adults is between:

18 to 25

The BMI for someone who is 5 feet, 11 inches tall and weights 185 pounds is _____.

25.8

What percentage of adults in the United States is overweight or obese?

60 percent

What percentage of people who have type 2 diabetes are overweight and obese?

80%

Which body composition method takes into account height-to-weight ratios and waist circumference?

A Body Shape Index (BSI)

BMI (Body Mass Index):

A measure of one's body composition performed as follows; Measure your height in inches and your weight in pounds. Multiply your weight by 703. Divide that number by your height. And divide again by your height.

Eating Disorder:

A spectrum of abnormal eating patterns that eventually may endanger a person's health or increase the risk of other diseases. Generally, psychological factors play a key role.

Formula for Body Shape Index:

ABSI= Waist Circumference/ BMI 2/3 height 1/2

Storage Fat:

excess fat deposited in adipose tissue (fat cells) that protects organs and insulates the body

Anorexia Nervosa:

extreme restriction of food intake

Fatness _____ during adulthood and _____ in the elderly.

increases, decreases

Waist-to-Hip Ratio:

indicates a tendency toward central obesity.

The main reason to exercise while dieting is to preserve and build:

lean body mass

Fat tissue is _____ dense than muscle and bone.

less

True or False? An obese person will weigh less under water than will a lean person of the same body weight:

True

True or False? Obese people are more prone to have accidents because they cannot move easily:

True

True or False? Obesity is more prevalent in women than in men.

True

People in _____ countries have more body fat than people in _____ countries.

developed, developing

Desirable Amounts of Essential Fat:

Adult women: 8% to 12% of total body weight Adult men: 3% to 5% of total body weight

Obesity is more prevalent among:

African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders.

What does a Bod Pod assess?

Body composition

Which of the following uses height, weight, and waist circumference to assess body composition?

Body shape index

Which of the following is the term for binge-eating following by compensating behaviors such as severe dieting and/or purging?

Bulimia

Which is the simple rule that explains weight gain?

Calories consumed > Calories used = Weight gain

Female Athlete Triad:

Combination of eating disorder, amenorrhea and osteoporosis

Patti has just discovered that her BMI is 27, which means she is considered overweight. She has decided that she will lose the necessary weight to lower her BMI to the healthy score of 23. What is the most effective and healthy way for Patti to lower her BMI score?

Combining regular exercise and a healthy diet

When you are trying to lose weight, which of the following is the most effective way to shed unwanted pounds?

Cut out all of the empty calories in your diet and be involved in moderate activity

How often should Patti be reassessing her body composition?

Every month

The risk of chronic disease rises when your body fat:

Exceeds 25% (men) and 30% (women)

True or False? The risk of chronic disease in women rises when body fat exceeds 25%.

False

When reading about the different reasons for weight gain, you learned about three, different theories on excessive weight gain. Which theory says that everyone has a set number of fat cells and when you lose weight you are not decreasing the number of fat cells, but the actual size of the fat cell?

Fat cell theory

Body composition consists of:

Fat, muscle, bone, and other body tissues

Bulimia:

Periodic bingeing followed by purging, or alternate days of bingeing and fasting.

Genetics:

Genes contribute to obesity by affecting Appetite, Food cravings, Satiety, Body fat distribution, Metabolism, Stress eating

_____ _____ is a method of weighing a person under water to determine the person's body fat percentage.

Hydrostatic weighing

Glandular disorder theory:

Hypothyroidism is the main reason for obesity

Set point theory:

Obese individuals are programmed to carry a certain amount of weight due to set points originating in the hypothalamus.

Weight cycling:

Pattern of losing and regaining weight over and over

Fat cell theory:

People may have been born with too many fat cells or developed them by overeating.

Health Risks of Too Much Body Fat:

Premature death Heart disease Diabetes Cancer Breathing problems Arthritis

Restrained eating:

Reducing food intake by fasting or avoiding eating

Which is the most practical method for Megan to assess her body fat?

Skinfold measurements

Essential Body Fat:

The minimum amount of body fat needed for good health.

Diet books seem to come and go. You see people on talk shows talking about one fad diet or another, and that is exactly what they are: fads. Which of the following is why most of the fad diets do not work?

They often involve extreme changes to your lifestyle that are difficult to maintain

During Megan's first year in college, she gained 12 pounds. Because she didn't like the cafeteria food in her dorm, she ate one or more meals at various fast-food restaurants each day. Moreover, her college did not require a physical education class, so her physical activity involved walking to classes and little else. What is the most practical method for Megan to assess her body weight?

Weight-to-height tables

You are healthy only if:

You have the right amount of body fat and lean body mass

Underweight:

a body mass index less than 19

Amenorrhea:

absence of normal menstruation

Extreme restriction of food intake is called:

anorexia

You must consume fewer calories than expended to _____ weight.

lose

Bioelectrical Impedance:

measurement of the strength and speed of an electrical signal sent through the body

Hydrostatic Weighing:

measuring a person's weight while he or she is suspended in water

A BMI of 18 to 24.9 is:

normal

A BMI of 30 and above is:

obese

A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is:

overweight

Body Composition:

proportion of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the body

Approximately half of the body's fat is stored under the _____.

skin

Estimations of body fat percentage can be made by measuring _____ _____ and entering measurements into a formula.

skinfold thickness

Weight Management:

the adoption of healthful and sustainable eating and exercise behaviors that reduce disease risk and improve well-being

Binge Eating:

uncontrolled eating during a short period of time

A BMI below 18 is:

underweight

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Formula:

waist circumference / hip circumference

What does WHR stand for?

waist to hip ratio

Number of calories in must equal number of calories out to maintain _____.

weight

Obesity is more prevalent in _____.

women