Chapter 9 Jeopardy

Why does being in a positive mood sometimes decrease the probability of responding and prosocial ways?

Being in a good mood can lead us to interpret emergency situations as not really serious

Many of the neighbors in a community are part of a neighborhood watch group on Facebook. One day during working hours, each group member receives an alert on their phone that says "Urgent help needed. Two children are stuck in a tree at the park and cannot climb down." Which of the following people will be the most likely to leave his or her work place to help? a) Matt, an attorney b) Gillian, an accountant c) Arnold, a general physician d) Darlene, a tax preparation specialist

C

At school, Carl falls down the stairs and badly sprained his ankle. When will Carl most likely receive help? a) Between class periods when the holes are filled with students rushing to class b) After the last class of the day as students are getting ready to go home c) During lunch hour when only a few students are in the hallway d) Before school starts when only one other student is in the hallway

D

While walking down Madison Avenue, Thomas smelled smoke. Soon, Thomas saw flames leaping out of a third story apartment window. In a flash, Thomas saw another man run into the burning building and emerge, only a minute later, with a young girl in his arms. Witnessing this made Thomas feel hopeful about humans and our ability to help each other. Thomas felt _____.

Elation

Emily is out for a leisurely drive and has just witnessed the car in front of her on the highway slow to a stop and pull off to the side of the road. The driver got out of the vehicle and lifted the hood. She is very adept at fixing cars and there are not too many other cars on the road. After considering helping for a bit, Emily continues to drive past the stranded motorist. Why?

Emily is concerned the driver might be setting up a trap or trick

True or false: prosocial behavior and aggression are polar opposites?

False

How might prosocial behavior be harmful?

If it is unwanted it could undermine self-esteem and confidence

How might aggression be beneficial?

If the motive is intended to help the person improve in some capacity

Describe the relationship between anonymity and adherence to social norms.

Increased anonymity decreases social norm adherence and reduces helping

On his walk to work, Marlon witnessed a pedestrian get hit by a bus. The man survived but he was badly injured, and witnessing this made Marlon very upset. Near his office, Marlon saw a homeless man, and Marlon gave the man $20, an action he had never done before. Marlon's behavior can be explained by the _____ model.

Negative-state relief

Wayne and Cheryl were at a restaurant eating dinner when he noticed a faint smell of smoke coming from the air conditioning vent. No one else in the busy restaurant seemed to be concerned about the odor, and Wayne was not sure if it was the result of an electrical problem or of food scorching in the kitchen. Wayne's uncertainty, combined with the observation the others were not taking action means that Wayne will probably _____.

Not do anything

One person punctures the skin of another who cries out in pain. Is this an aggressive action?

Not if the person is a tattoo artist

Allen is running late for his social psychology class. He is hurrying across campus and is thinking about the instructors reaction to his tardiness on an exam day. He passed by a small group of students clustered around someone who is lying on the ground, clutching his chest and gasping for breath. Allen did not stop to help because he simply was not aware of what was happening at the time. This failure to engage in prosocial behavior was probably due to what?

Not paying attention to the situation

How does SES affect prosocial behavior?

People lower in SES show greater prosocial behavior than those higher in SES

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road. On the next block, they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street. Elaine says, "We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man acted as a _____.

Prosocial model

Danya is in a really bad mood after receiving a low score on an exam. She mopes, complains, and is curt with her friends. Later in the day, Danya goes to volunteer at a local homeless shelter. Why would she do this?

She knows that helping others will make her feel better

Why is crowdfunding considered a prosocial behavior?

Since contributors receive virtually nothing in return for their donations

People who feel isolated from a particular group are experiencing _____ exclusion.

Social

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that at least some prosocial behavior is motivated by what?

Solely by the desire to help someone in need

Jeanette's cousin and close friend, Ellen, notices that Jeanette's right eye is badly bruised. When Jeanette tells her that her boyfriend hit her, Ellen offers to provide help. This example BEST illustrates what?

That people are much more inclined to help a close relative than a nonrelative

Rafael helps Lisa carry her groceries up the stairs. Lisa comes by 15 minutes later and says, "Thank you. The frozen food would have melted if you hadn't helped me." Because of her response to his help, Rafael is motivated to help others later. This scenario refers to what?

The empathic joy hypothesis

Activity in what brain region indicates that there is a neural foundation for empathy?

The mirror neuron region

Why are people who exhibit behaviors like those portrayed in MEAN GIRLS appealing?

They combine aggressive actions with prosocial ones

Oscar is alone resting on a beach when he notices someone who appears to be floundering in the ocean. Since he does not know how to swim, Oscar realizes that he cannot help this individual himself. This example illustrates that people _____.

Often decide they cannot help when they do not know what to do