Chapter 9 Joints

The _________ ___________ ligament is injured in almost all serious knee injuries.

Anterior Cruciate

Dense irregular connective tissue without a synovial cavity would be found connecting the bones involved in which type of joint? A : fibrous B : cartilaginous C : synovial D : diarthrosis

Fibrous

"Jumping jack" exercises and making "snow angels" are both examples of A : circumduction B : flexion and extension C : inversion and eversion D : abduction and adduction

abduction and adduction

The treatment of gout often requires A : massage B : uric acid crystals C : allopurinol D : antibiotics

allopurinol

Your patient has a severely damaged shoulder joint due to years of being a professional baseball player. Which of the following procedures might you recommend? A : compression B : bursectomy C : elevation D : arthroplasty

arthroplasty

Carbon dioxide and wastes pass from chondrocytes of _______ into synovial fluid and then into veins. A : articular cartilage B : labra C : menisci D : bursa

articular cartilage

People who are bedridden for long periods of time often experience muscular A : atrophy, which leads to increased joint range of motion B : tension, which leads to decreased joint range of motion C : tension, which leads to increased joint range of motion D : atrophy, which leads to decreased joint range of motion

atrophy, which leads to decreased joint range of motion

Which of the following would help reduce friction between a bone and overlying skin? A : meniscus B : tendon sheath C : labrum D : bursa

bursa

The shapes of the articulating bones at a condyloid joint are considered to be A : complementary B : divergent C : similar D : opposing

complementary

How does the glenoid labrum help to stabilize the shoulder joint? A : reinforces the superior part of the articular capsule B : prevents the humerus from exceeding its limits of motion C : holds in place the long head of the biceps brachii muscle D : deepens and enlarges the cavity that receives the head of the humerus

deepens and enlarges the cavity that receives the head of the humerus

Your patient has been a distance runner for decades. As she gets older, which will likely happen? A : gout in the joints of the toes B : Lyme disease affecting the legs C : rheumatoid arthritis in the knees D : degeneration of the knee joints

degeneration of the knee joints

An interosseous membrane is composed of A : dense irregular connective tissue B : dense regular connective tissue C : loose areolar connective tissue D : hyaline cartilage

dense irregular connective tissue

The temporomandibular joint performs movements like A : flexion and extension of the mandible B : depression and elevation of the mandible C : lateral displacement of the temporal bone D : lateral rotation of the temporal bone

depression and elevation of the mandible

Which of the following motions at the hip joint is limited by tension of the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments? A : bringing a leg forward as if kicking a soccer ball B : as part of a jumping jack, moving a leg back towards the center C : drawing a leg back as if preparing to kick a soccer ball D : as part of a jumping jack, moving a leg straight out to the side

drawing a leg back as if preparing to kick a soccer ball

From left to right, the components here represent the parts that will replace parts of the A humerus, scapula, and clavicle in a partial shoulder replacement B femur, tibia, and patella in a total knee replacement C humerus, scapula, and clavicle in a total shoulder replacement D femur, tibia, and fibula in a total knee replacement

femur, tibia, and patella in a total knee replacement

Which connective tissues are involved in the articulation found in a symphysis? A : fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage B : dense irregular and loose areolar connective tissue C : fibrocartilage and dense irregular connective tissue D : hyaline cartilage and loose areolar connective tissue

fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage

Which types of movements are permitted at this hinge joint? A : rotation B : abduction/adduction C : flexion/extension D : back/forth

flexion/extension

Which type of movement is permitted at the joints between the sternum and 6th pair of ribs? A : adducting B : rotating C : gliding D : flexing

gliding

In the lower leg, the lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the A : distal end of the patella B : head of the patella C : distal end of the fibula D : head of the fibula

head of the fibula

The majority of the movement of the knee joint is related to its structure as a A : hinge joint that permits abduction and adduction B : plane joint that permits flexion and extension C : plane joint that permits abduction and adduction D : hinge joint that permits flexion and extension

hinge joint that permits flexion and extension

Elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints are A : pivot joints B : plane joints C : hinge joints D : condyloid joints

hinge joints

The indicated part of the synovial cavity is A areolar connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid between the articulating bones B areolar connective tissue that reduces friction between the articulating bones C hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between the articulating bones

hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between the articulating bones

Tilting the head back to gaze up at the night sky is an example of A : hyperextension B : abduction C : flexion D : extension

hyperextension

A person with the early stages of osteoarthritis would experience which of the following problems? A : inflammation of the articular cartilage B : inflammation of the synovial membrane C : secretion of uric acid into the joint D : abnormal granulation tissue formation

inflammation of the articular cartilage

Which happens to the frontal (metopic) suture as a person grows up? A : it becomes a gomphosis B : it becomes a synostosis C : it becomes an amphiarthrosis D : it becomes a syndesmosis

it becomes a synostosis

Damage to which of the following ligaments would likely be associated with displacement of the mandible? A : lateral ligament B : zygomatic ligament C : stylomandibular ligament D : sphenomandibular ligament

lateral ligament

The intertarsal joints are A : plane joints that permit gliding movements B : pivot joints that permit rotational movements C : saddle joints that permit rotational movements D : saddle joints that permit gliding movements

plane joints that permit gliding movements

Where would you find the prepatellar bursa? A : lateral to the patella and medial to the femur B : anterior to the skin and posterior to the patella C : posterior to the skin and anterior to the patella D : medial to the patella and lateral to the femur

posterior to the skin and anterior to the patella

A girl suffers a dislocation of the radial head when she is swung around in circles by her outstretched arms. The rupture of which of the following structures commonly occurs with this type of dislocation? A : radial anular ligament B : articular capsule C : ulnar collateral ligament D : radial collateral ligament

radial anular ligament

Which of the following is a common effect of aging on the joints? A : increased production of articular cartilage B : reduced production of synovial fluid C : increased deposition of fat in the articular capsule D : development of rheumatoid arthritis

reduced production of synovial fluid

Which movement does not belong in this group? A : circumduction B : rotation C : abduction D : flexion

rotation

Joints of the pelvic girdle that loosen under the influence of relaxin during pregnancy include the (select all that apply) A : iliopubic B : lumbosacral C : pubic symphysis D : sacroiliac

sacroiliac; pubic symphysis

Your patient is a 60-year-old man who is an accomplished distance runner, but is starting to show signs of damage to his knees and hips. Determine which of the following is the most useful recommendation to help support joint health. A : increase water intake and start calcium supplements B : eliminate strenuous exercise and consider a low impact hobby such as photography C : begin hormone replacement therapy D : switch aerobic activity from running to swimming

switch aerobic activity from running to swimming

The pubic ______________ is a slightly movable joint that connects the right and left pubis bones at the midline of the body.

symphysis

Cartilaginous joints include a A : synostosis B : synovial C : synchondrosis D : syndesmosis

synchondrosis

The periodontal ligament is a A : suture that connects a tooth to its socket B : syndesmosis that connects a tooth to another tooth C : syndesmosis that connects a tooth to its socket D : suture that connects a tooth to another tooth

syndesmosis that connects a tooth to its socket

The action of waving your hand in a goodbye gesture involves gliding movements between the carpals of the wrist. The joints between these bones are therefore classified as ____________________ structurally and ____________________ functionally. A : fibrous; synarthrosis B : cartilaginous; amphiarthrosis C : synovial; synarthrosis D : synovial; diarthrosis

synovial; diarthrosis

Which bones form the temporomandibular joint? A : mandible and maxilla B : temporal and zygomatic C : temporal and mandible D : zygomatic and maxilla

temporal and mandible

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body, but which of the following gives it most of its strength? A : the depth of the articulation B : the bursae that cushion the bones C : the ligaments that connect the bones D : the muscles that cross the joint

the muscles that cross the joint

To which part of the femur does the ischiofemoral ligament attach? A : the greater trochanter B : the neck C : the lesser trochanter D : the head

the neck

In a car accident, Ryan sustained significant damage to the acetabulum on the right side. Arthroplasty to address this is best described as A : total hip replacement B : partial knee replacement C : partial hip replacement D : total knee replacement

total hip replacement

A baseball pitcher reports pain along the medial part of his elbow, especially when his arm accelerates forward towards the batter. Which component of the elbow joint is likely responsible? A : articular capsule B : anular ligament of the radius C : radial collateral ligament D : ulnar collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament

Joints that are functional diarthroses include the A : pubic symphysis B : sternum and 1st pair of ribs C : vertebrocostal joints D : sutures in the skull

vertebrocostal joints