Chapter 9 Key Issue 3 "Where is Agriculture Distributed?"

What climate is Shifting Cultivation usually practiced in?

Tropical (ex. Rain forests of Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, etc.)

Most Plantations are located in what regions?

Tropics and Subtropics (Latin America, Asia, Africa, etc.)

T/F Mixing crops and livestock permits farmers to distribute the workload more evenly throughout the year

True

T/F The capture of wild fish in oceans and lakes has stagnated since the 1990's

True

T/F Pastoral Nomadism is a declining form of agriculture

True. This is partly due to modern technology

China is responsible for _/3 of the world's yield of fish

1/3

Only _/3 of the fish caught from the ocean is consumed by humans

2/3

While farmers account for less than 2% of the US workforce, around __% of US laborers work in food production

20%

A dairy farm is...

A farm that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture is...

A farming method that has farmers work intensively to subsist on a parcel of land

Pastoral Nomadism is...

A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of animals in dry climates, where planting crops is impossible

Slash-and-Burn Agriculture is...

A technique used by farmers where they clear land by slashing vegetation an then burning the debris

Shifting Cultivation is...

A technique where farmers clear land by slashing and burning it, and then planting on the cleared field for a couple of years, and when the soil loses its nutrients the farmers leave the soil alone to regain its nutrients before returning again to replant

People who practice Shifting Cultivation generally live in: A.Small Villages B.Big Cities C.Developed Countries

A.

Overfishing is...

Capturing fish faster than they can reproduce

_________ and __________ are the leading wheat providers

China and India

Name one of the places where intensive white rice farming is the dominant type of agriculture

China, East India, Southeast Asia

Name 3 of the most important crops grown on a plantation

Cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, rubber, coffee

The 4 rings of the Von Thunen Model

First Ring- Market orientated gardens and milk producers Second Ring- Wooded Lots, timber Third Ring- Various crops/ Pasture Fourth Ring- Animal Grazing

What type of Subsistence Agriculture feeds the most people?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Double Cropping is...

Land used very intensively, with farmers obtaining two harvests per year (usually in parts of Asia)

Mediterranean agriculture exists around ________, ___________, ___________, and ____________

Southern Europe, North Africa, Western Africa, and Western Asia

Truck Farming is...

The Horticultural practice of growing one or more vegetable crops on a large scale for shipment to distant markets

The 5 agricultural regions that are the most used in developing countries are...

*Intensive subsistence, wet-rice dominant *Intensive subsistence, crops other than rice dominant *Pastoral Nomadism *Shifting Cultivation *Plantation

The 6 agricultural regions that are the most used in developed countries are...

*Mixed crop and livestock *Dairying *Grain *Ranching *Mediterranean *Commercial gardening

Name a distinctive challenge dairy farmers face.

*The Labor Intensive work (Milking each cow twice a day everyday) *Winter Feed (The cows cant graze grass)

Agribusiness is...

The system of commercial farming found in developed countries

Von Thunen Model

*The city is located centrally within an "Isolated State." *The Isolated State is surrounded by wilderness. *The land is completely flat and has no rivers or mountains. *Soil quality and climate are consistent. *Farmers in the Isolated State transport their own goods to market via oxcart, across land, directly to the central city. There are no roads. *Farmers behave rationally to maximize profits.

Plantations are often owned by ____________, and they grow crops for sale primarily to ________________

Europeans, North Americans, sold to Developed countries

T/F more than 1% of the worlds population still survive using hunting and gathering

False. Less than 0.005% do

Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming is..

Farming that has integrated crops and livestock. Most of the crops are fed to the animals, while the animals help fertilize the soil

____________ countries have agricultural practices such as plantations and pastoral nomadism in place, while ____________ countries have commercial gardening, dairy, grain, etc.

Developing countries (ex. Sub-Saharan Africa, and developed countries (ex. The United States)

Wet Rice is...

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved as seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth

Name another name for "wet rice"

Sawah (Indonesian), and Paddy (The Malay word for wet rice)

Fishing is...

The capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters

Ranching is...

The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

Aquaculture/ Aquafarming is...

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Horticulture is..

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Crop Rotation is...

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

The Milkshed is...

The ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling

Transhumance is...

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas