Chapter 9- Life Span

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? Select one: A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. B. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s. C. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. D. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? Select one: A. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. B. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly. C. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age. D. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age

A. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating him, it is important to recall that: Select one: A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired by an inability to increase cardiac output. B. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. C. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can constrict easily. D. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired by an inability to increase cardiac output.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? Select one: A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up B. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance C. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently D. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions

A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

Within the first 30 minutes after birth, a neonate's: Select one: A. pulse rate decreases to approximately 120 beats/min. B. respiratory rate increases to around 60 breaths/min. C. pulse rate increases to between 160 and 180 beats/min. D. pulse and respiratory rates increase significantly.

A. pulse rate decreases to approximately 120 beats/min.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: Select one: A. the blood vessels become stiff. B. the arteries dilate significantly. C. diastolic blood pressure decreases. D. the blood thickens as a person ages.

A. the blood vessels become stiff.

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? Select one: A. 6 to 8 months B. 10 to 18 months C. 18 to 24 months D. 24 to 36 months

B. 10 to 18 months

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? Select one: A. The ribcage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's. B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's. D. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's.

B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: Select one: A. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. D. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function.

B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

When considering spinal immobilization of an infant who fell, it is important for the AEMT to remember that: Select one: A. in most cases, the infant is able to stretch out his or her arms in time to cushion or slow their fall. B. infants and small children often land head first because their head accounts for 25% of their body weight. C. the anterior fontanelles typically does not fuse until the child has reached the age of 18 to 24 months. D. It is common for infants to land feet first when they fall, resulting in compression fractures of the spine.

B. infants and small children often land head first because their head accounts for 25% of their body weight.

By the end of the first year of life, a child's tidal volume typically ranges between: Select one: A. 6 and 8 mL/kg. B. 8 and 10 mL/kg. C. 10 and 15 mL/kg. D. 15 and 20 mL/kg.

C. 10 and 15 mL/kg.

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns? Select one: A. They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income. B. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work. C. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. D. The majority of middle adults still have small children that live at home with them.

C. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

Changes in sleep patterns experienced by elderly patients is mostly caused by: Select one: A. decreased brain size. B. medication interactions. C. a loss of neurons in the brain. D. decreased metabolism in the brain.

C. a loss of neurons in the brain.

In preconventional reasoning, children: Select one: A. make decisions based on their conscience. B. look for approval from their peers and society. C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. D. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children.

C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Select one: A. medications B. overall health C. increased weight D. medical conditions

C. increased weight

At present, the average life expectancy is _____ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at _____ years. Select one: A. 68, 100 B. 70, 102 C. 72, 110 D. 78, 120

D. 78, 120

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? Select one: A. The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min. B. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue. C. Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity. D. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

D. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a loss of respiratory muscle mass. B. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. C. decreased residual volume. D. increased surface area available for air exchange.

D. increased surface area available for air exchange.

A body temperature of 99.4°F in a 2-year-old child: Select one: A. is a low-grade fever. B. suggests an infection. C. often causes a seizure. D. is normal for his or her age.

D. is normal for his or her age.

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: Select one: A. blood vessel dilation. B. a decrease in neurons. C. meningeal deterioration. D. shrinkage of the brain.

D. shrinkage of the brain.