Chapter 9 - Lifespan Development

_________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Cognitive

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

_______ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

Schemata

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

During Piaget's proposed _______ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and then they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

concrete operational

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with with a picture of Lighting McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does too. What does this exemplify.

egocentrism

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

milestones

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object performance

Which of the following is not a development issue children face during the preoperational stage?

object performance

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality.

post-conventional

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

sensorimotor

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age of marriage

A(n) _______ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote

According to _______, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

discontinous

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play.Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the _______ task of development

identity vs. confusion

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional