Chapter 9 - Lifespan Development

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. A. central B. compliance C. peripheral D. haloed

C. peripheral

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. A. Dispositionism B. Moralism C. Collectivism D. Situationism

A. Dispositionism

Which statement about groupthink is correct? A. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. B. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. C. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. D. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

A. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? A. genes and biology B. language acquisition C. environment and culture D. cognitive capacity

A. genes and biology

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge. A. zygote B. fetus C. placenta D. embryo

A. zygote

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. A. Group polarization B. Social loafing C. Cognitive dissonance D. Social facilitation

A. Group polarization

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will â change her ways and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving. A. bargaining B. denial C. depression D. anger

A. bargaining

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. A. consummate B. companionate C. romantic D. fatuous

A. consummate

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?" A. homophobia B. transphobia C. gender dysphoria D. asexuality

A. homophobia

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. A. normative B. groupthink C. confirmatory D. informational

A. normative

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? A. object permanence B. stranger anxiety C. egocentrism D. reversibility

A. object permanence

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself. A. proxy B. beneficiary C. designee D. executor

A. proxy

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? A. when the correct choice is unclear B. when they really want to be liked by a group of peers C. when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions D. when they feel sure of their own decisions

A. when the correct choice is unclear

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. A. Emotional B. Cognitive C. Artistic D. Psychosocial

B. Cognitive

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. A. Cacioppo B.Milgram C. Asch D. Zimbardo

C. Asch

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? A. participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices B. people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation C. students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets D. adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing

C. students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? A. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. B. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. C. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. D. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs.

B. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. A. Solomon Asch B. Philip Zimbardo C. John Cacioppo D. Stanley Milgram

B. Philip Zimbardo

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development? A. Lawrence Kohlberg B. Sigmund Freud C. Erik Erikson D. Jean Piaget

B. Sigmund Freud

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, â Look mommy, apples!â His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. A. assimilation B. accommodation C. reversibility D. seriation

B. accommodation

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. A. romantic B. companionate C. fatuous D. consummate

B. companionate

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? A. avoidant B. disorganized C. resistant D. secure

B. disorganized

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills. A. native B. gross C. reflexive D. fine

B. gross

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies. A. concrete operational B. sensorimotor C. preoperational D. formal operational

B. sensorimotor

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? A. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately B. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior C. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority D. when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone

B. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. A. the self-serving bias B. the fundamental attribution error C. the actor-observer effect D. groupthink

B. the fundamental attribution error

What is an advanced directive? A. An indication of what a person wants for their own funeral ceremonies (including requesting that no funeral be held). B. A statement of what a person wants done with their estate, including who their possessions should go to. C. A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants. D. A legal document that bars anyone from providing resuscitative care if one's heart should stop or they stop breathing.

C. A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? A. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. B. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. C. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. D. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior.

C. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information. A. Cognitions B. Categories C. Schemata D. Prototypes

C. Schemata

Which of the following illustrates conservation? A. Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesn't realize that he is wasting water that way. B. Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesn't think they can be recycled. C. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. D. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesn' t know the value of either coin by itself.

C. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Early maturing girls are ________. A. more confident B. more likely to go to college C. at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders D. less likely to drop out of high school

C. at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly. A. sensorimotor B. preoperational C. concrete operational D. formal operational

C. concrete operational

The goal of hospice care is to provide A. medical options for the treatment of terminal illnesses so that death can be avoided. B. liaisons to experimental treatments that might not be readily available for some patients. C. death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting. D. legal options for family members making medical decisions on the part of another.

C. death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. A. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics B. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion C. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition D. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes

C. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? A. effort justification strategy B. door-in-the-face strategy C. foot-in-the-door technique D. lowball technique

C. foot-in-the-door technique

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. A. set of instructions to be carried out without deviation B. prescription for psychotropic medicine C. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting D. written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities

C. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________. A. discrimination B. conformity C. prejudice D. a stereotype

C. prejudice

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. A. case studies B. naturalistic observations C. surveys D. experiments

C. surveys

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? A. sensorimotor B. preoperational C.formal operational D. concrete operational

C.formal operational

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use B. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week C. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking D. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

D. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? A. permissive B. authoritarian C. disorganized D. authoritative

D. authoritative

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? A. because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities B. because girls are found to spend more time online C. because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites D. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

D. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? A. sexual preference B. genetics C. biology D. environment and culture

D. environment and culture

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias. A. confirmation B. scapegoating C. out-group D. in-group

D. in-group

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________. A. norms B. markers C. boundaries D. milestones

D. milestones

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? A. conventional B. post-conventional C. formal operational D. pre-conventional

D. pre-conventional

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. A. altruism B. groupthink C. infatuation D. reciprocity

D. reciprocity

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. A. confirmation bias B. in-group bias C. effort justification D. scapegoating

D. scapegoating

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? A. disorganized B. resistant C. avoidant D. secure

D. secure