Chapter 9: Lifespan Development (questions)

What are teratogens?

any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because her family has a truck. When Ainsley sees car driving on television, she says, "look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ____.

assimilation

The rooting reflex....

causes a baby to turn it's cheek towards touch sensation

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he love Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

In which Piaget stage do people gain the ability to reason about abstract problems?

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

After the age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ______ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality.

post-conventional

During Jean Piaget's _____ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

sensorimotor

Vitoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the ______ stage of grieving.

bargaining

Early maturing girls are ______.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

What is the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?

attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all example of _____ motor skills.

fine

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of _____ motor skills.

gross

What are the 3 stages of moral development?

pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

formal operational

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the _____ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

frontal

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the ______ task of development.

identity vs. confusion

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

The neural tube will become the:

brain and spinal cord

____ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

What does this scenario demonstrate? Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

conservation

If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 year old's, what research design am I using?

cross sectional

The goal of hospice is to provide

death with dignity and pain management in a human and comfortable setting.

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ______ trajectory.

discontinuous

Language development, pretend play, and egocentrism are are developmental issues that children face during the preoperational stage, what is one developmental issue that is not present at this stage?

object permanence

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own closed and decide when and what she wants to ear. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are able to do what?

think logically about concrete events

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

Habituation is

when an organism decreases its response to a repetitive stimulus

A(n) ______ begins as one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote