Chapter 9 nail structure and growth

The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called the

Bed Epithelium

Which of the following can be removed with gentle scraping?

Cuticle

Which of the following is most likely to need a softener?

Cuticle

The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the

Eponychium

What is the function of the hyponychium?

It forms a protective barrier that prevents microorganisms from invading and infecting the nail bed.

The visible part of the matrix that extends underneath the living skin is called the

Lanula

A though band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in placed is called a

Ligament

Why is it sometimes difficult to see a lunula?

Lunula are short and remain hidden under the eponychium.

The fold of skin that overlaps the side of the nail is called the

Sidewall

Describe the difference between the eponychium and the cuticle.

The eponychium is living tissue that grows up the nail plate. The cuticle comes from the underside of this area where it completely detaches from the eponychium and strongly attaches.

What are the nail grooves?

The furrows on each side of the nail

Explain why toenails are thicker than fingernails.

They are thicker because the toenail matrix is longer the found on fingernails.

A licensed cosmetologist is allowed to

Work on healthy nails only

Growth and appearance of the nails can be affected in any of the following conditions.

1) Poor Health 2) A nail disorder or disease is present 3) If there been injury to the matrix

How long does replacement of the natural fingernail take?

4 to 6 months

toenails take ___________ months to be fully replaced

9 to 12

The _____ is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit. It is constructed of about ____________layers of nail cells.

Nail Plate,100

Together,all of the main parts of the nail are referred to as the ________________________.

Natural Nail Unit

How many main parts is the natural nail unit divided into?

Nine

The nail of the middle finger grow fastest and the thumbnail grows the slowest

True

The whitish color of the lunula is caused by the ________________off the surface of the visible part of the underlying matrix.

reflection

A pregnant women who is taking prenatal vitamins will experience even more rapid nail growth than a pregnant women who is not taking prenatal vitamins

False

Like hair, the nail will automatically shed periodically

False

Nails grower faster in the winter than they do in summer

False

The cuticle will bleed if it is cut

False

The keratin found in the natural nail is not as hard as the keratin found in the hair or skin.

False

Nail plates protect the tips of the fingers and toes, and their appearance can reflect the _________________________ of the body.

General Health

What is the purpose of the cuticle?

Its job is to seal the space between the natural nail plate and living skin above (the eponychium) to prevent entry of foreign material and microorganisms and to help avoid injury and infection.

The natural nail is composed mainly of a protein called

Keratin

The _____ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed.

Matrix

The ______________ is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.

Nail Bed

The _____ are folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate and which form nail grooves?

Nail Folds

The _________________is hard protective plate comped mainly of keratin, the fiber-shaped protein found in skin and hair, which is located at the end of the finger or toe.

Natural Nail

Describe service a cosmetologist may perform to help make a client's nail plate thicker.

No product or procedure can make the nail plate grow thicker because a thicker nail pate would require a lager Matrix.

The growth and health of the nail plates is affected by

Nutrition, exercise, and person's general health

The nail plate is relatively _____and will allow water to pass through it much more easily than through normal skin of an equal thickness.

Porous

Which of the following best describes the nail plate?

Porous

Another name for the natural nail is

The Onyx

Compared with the nails of an average adult, children's nails grow more rapidly, while elderly adults' nail grow at a slow rate

True

Every nail has a lunula

True

What can be done to reduce water loss and improve flexibility?

Using an oil-based nail conditioner or nail polish to coat the plate can reduce water loss or prevent excessive absorption and improve flexibility.

The water content directly affects the nail's _________________; the lower the water content the more __________________ the nail becomes.

flexibility,Rigid

The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the

free edge

The ________________________ is the slightly thickened layer of skin under the nail that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate.

hyponychium

Natural nail are appendages of the skin and part of the ______________________ system,which is made up of the skin and its various organs.

integumentary

Specialized ligaments attach the nail bed and _____________ to the underlying bone and are located at the base of the matrix and around the edges of the nail bed.

matrix bed

Describe the appearance of a healthy nail

*Firm but flexible *shiny,smooth,unspotted,with no wavy ridges, pits, or splits *Whitish and translucent in appearance, with link color of the nail bed below showing through.

List three reasons why cosmetologist should study and have a through understanding of nail structure and growth.

1) To expertly groom, strengthen, and beautiful nails. 2) To know the difference between the nail cuticle and the encomium before performing nail services. 3) To prepared for more advanced nail services.

The average rate of nail plate growth in the normal adult is about

1/10 to 1/8 inch per mouth

A healthy nail may look dry and hard, but it actually has a water content of between _____________ and varies according to the relative humidity of the surrounding environment.

15 and 25%

The _____ is the dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate.

Cuticle

Which of the following best describes the cuticle?

Difficult to remove

What will cause an abnormal shape or form of the nail?

Disease,Injury, or Infection

What causes the growth rates of nail to increases dramatically during pregnancy?

Hormonal changes in the body