Chapter 9

Which therapeutic intervention would be most appropriate for someone suffering from treatment-resistant bulimia?

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen?

Insulin

What is the effect of injecting of anandamide into the hypothalamus?

It stimulates eating.

One of the primary causes of eating disorders is believed to be

a cultural that emphasizes thinness as being attractive.

Angiotensin II acts on the _______ to provoke the release of _______.

adrenals; aldosterone

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons have opposing effects on _______ and _______.

appetite; metabolism

About 10-20% of the energy we ingest is used for _______ processes.

behavioral

The stimuli associated with food, such as its smell, provoke the release of insulin during the _______ phase.

cephalic

Two physiological responses to hypovolemia are _______ of blood vessels and the secretion of _______ by the posterior pituitary.

constriction; vasopressin`

The body fluid compartments change with _______ upon severe water loss.

decreased blood pressure and decreased plasma volume

Injecting PYY3-36 into rats causes them to

eat less

In mammals, the saltiness of the _______ environment _______.

extracellular; is similar across species

Endotherms may show a significant departure from their average body temperatures as a consequence of

fever

The body stores glucose for later use after first converting it to a more complex form called

glycogen

One of the reasons we know that insulin is not the only cue for satiety is that

high doses of insulin initiate eating.

Research using fMRI shows that drinking glucose after fasting induces activity in the

hypothalamus.

One of the selective advantages of endothermy appears to be

increased capacity to sustain a high level of muscular activity.

Physiological saline is also sometimes described as

isotonic

Under conditions of prolonged food deprivation, fat can be converted into glucose and a secondary form of fuel, called

ketones

Which structure produces angiotensin II?

kidneys

Behavioral regulation of body temperature, like moving closer to the fire, is especially affected by lesions of the

lateral hypothalamus.

The population of beneficial bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the large intestine of human beings is referred to as a

microbiome

The response to increase in the salt concentration of the extracellular solution is called _______ thirst.

osmotic

The two main kinds of thirst are _______ thirst and _______ thirst.

osmotic; hypovolemic

People with a BMI of 25-30 are in the body weight level of

overweight

Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because

restoring the desired temperature turns off the response.

In rats, lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lead to all of the following except

self-maintenance of normal weight.

Research on the effects of leptin indicates that activation of POMC neurons in the hypothalamus

suppresses hunger.

When a cell comes into contact with pure water it

swells

When an animal loses a lot of blood, there is a tendency of baroreceptors to signal

thirst

One of the reasons we know that glucose cannot be the only cue for satiety is that

untreated diabetics are hungry.`

Which example demonstrates ectothermic behavior?

A turtle basking on a sunny log

Which items are incorrectly paired?

Bulimia nervosa; significant weight loss

Anticipation of glucose in the blood facilitates which phase of insulin release?

Cephalic

Which intervention or research findings has not been an effective weight loss strategy?

Drugs that block the visual appeal of food

Which method is not a current strategy for treating obesity?

Drugs that increase digestive acid levels in the stomach

Which pair of hormones have opposing effects on NPY neurons?

Ghrelin and PYY3-36

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

Glucagon

_______ refers to the active process of maintaining a relatively stable internal environment.

Homeostasis

Which circumventricular organ contains osmosensory neurons?

Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)

Which statement about anorexia nervosa is true?

People with anorexia think about food a great deal.

What is the significance of a set zone, as opposed to a precise set point, in terms of thermoregulation?

The wide variety of conditions that animals face makes a tolerance, or set zone, instead of a precise set point, more adaptable.

Which molecule is known as antidiuretic hormone?

Vasopressin