Chapter 9 Quiz

From whom do aging adults typically receive the most assistance and support? -adult children -siblings -religious support groups -grandchildren

Adult children

During the evening shopping rush, Bernie fumbles at the grocery store while trying to insert his credit card into the self-check terminal. He overhears someone behind him mutter, "Hurry up, you old geezer!" The words are an example of __________. -xenophobia -sexism -ageism -racism

Ageism

Age stratification theories suggest that __________. -highly industrialized countries are likely to hold their aging citizens in high esteem -aging adults in the United States believe they are less relevant than their younger counterparts -peak earning power for most people extends into their late 60s -technological advances frequently empower aging adults

Aging adults in the United States believe they are less relevant than their younger counterparts

Dr. Colbert has suggested to Mariam that she consider increasing her daily intake of foods containing antioxidant vitamins to lower her risk of developing certain age-related diseases. Dr. Colbert's recommendation suggests that she believes __________. -unlimited replication of telomeres increases the aging process -aging is due to damage from free radicals -increasing caloric intake adds to longevity -genes dictate the speed at which aging occurs

Aging is due to damage from free radicals

Aging adults whose identity originates in large part from their physical capabilities are likely to experience the most difficulty with Peck's developmental stage of __________. -ego integrity versus despair -ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation -redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role -body transcendence versus body preoccupation

Body transcendence versus body preoccupation

Joe is complaining of blurred vision. A visual screening reveals that his eyes have cloudy areas on the lenses that are preventing light from passing through. Joe's diagnosis is likely __________. -glaucoma -macular degeneration -eye strain -cataracts

Cataracts

Addie and Evelyn, two 65-year-olds, were college students in the free-spirited, politically engaged, and open-minded atmosphere prevalent in the 1960s. They share a particular curiosity about the world and remain active in local organizations committed to women's causes. Researchers may explain the women's sharp, sustained cognitive abilities by citing __________. -longitudinal effects -cross-sectional effects -cohort effects -primary aging

Cohort effects

Callum is a 79-year-old widower. His wife died nearly 2 years ago and he still seems to be in a stage of unrelenting mourning, talking almost exclusively about his wife and their life together and declining to join his family on outings he once enjoyed. Callum's behavior seems to be indicative of __________. -ego transcendence -preparation for widowhood -complicated grief -adaptation to widowhood

Complicated grief

__________ argues that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem. -Selective optimization -Continuity theory -Activity theory -Disengagement theory

Continuity theory

The generational digital divide, a gap in knowledge of technology between younger and older populations, will likely __________. -remain the same as technology continues to progress at a rapid pace -grow due to natural declines in crystallized intelligence among the aging -decline as people of all ages incorporate technology into their lives -grow because older people are not capable of learning new information

Decline as people of all ages incorporate technology into their lives

Bernice Neugarten theorized that older adults cope with the aging process in a variety of ways, each based on what she believed reflected four distinct personality types. According to those personality types, if a minimally athletic 72-year-old decides to join a local running club with the hope of running her first marathon alongside her 17-year-old granddaughter, she is likely displaying a(n) __________ personality. -defended -disintegrated and disorganized -passive-dependent -integrated

Defended

Miller, a retired restaurant owner, is bored and misses the energy of the patrons. Miller is likely in the __________ phase of retirement. -honeymoon -reorientation -disenchantment -retirement routine

Disenchantment

Which theory involves the impact of societal norms, such as mandatory retirement, on the behavior of elderly adults? -activity theory -continuity theory -disengagement theory -selective optimization

Disengagement theory

Which statement is true about elder abuse? -More than 30 percent of elderly adults report abuse. -Elder abuse is directed at acquaintances more often than at family members. -As the population of elderly people increases, the incidences of abuse likely will decline. -Elderly people with Alzheimer's disease or other neurocognitive disorders are particularly likely to be targets of abuse.

Elderly people with Alzheimer's disease or other neurocognitive disorders are particularly likely to be targets of abuse

Which statement best exemplifies researchers' understanding of wisdom? -Knowledge gained from intelligence is timeless, while wisdom is related to what is current. -Wisdom allows for humans' ability to invent the atom bomb; intelligence prevents humans from using it. -The accumulation of knowledge, experience, and contemplation has little correlation with aging. -Experience over time results in a more refined interpretation of others' thoughts, feelings, and intentions.

Experience over time results in a more refined interpretation of others' thoughts, feelings, and intentions

__________ intelligence shows declines with age. -Fluid -Emotional -Crystallized -Practical

Fluid

The average older adult spends close to 20 percent of his or her income on __________. -healthcare costs -capital gains tax -leisure activities -travel expenses

Healthcare costs

Loss of sensitivity to taste as we age may lead to oversalting of foods in order to compensate for bland flavors, increasing aging adults' risk of __________. -weight gain -hypertension -oversensitivity to smells -an increased desire to eat

Hypertension

Yana, an 82-year-old, active great-grandmother, recently was admitted to a local nursing home. Upon visiting his mother, Sergei is excited to report on the grandkids and great-grandkids. However, Sergei is surprised at his mother's despondence and lack of interest in hearing about the children she loves so much. Yana's attitude seems to reflect __________. -selective optimization -institutionalism -activity theory -biological maladjustment

Institutionalism

Native Nebraskans Beatrice and Maud are enjoying dinner out with their neighbors, Li Na and Zhang, both of whom grew up in Taiwan. The conversation centers on childhood memories, specifically coming of age in the 1950s. Which statement best reflects the likely overall memory abilities of this group of elderly adults? -Beatrice and Maud will show fewer declines in memory than Li Na and Zhang. -All four will likely forget the dates of their marriages, but remember the details of their first trip to New York City. -Li Na and Zhang will show less memory loss overall than Beatrice and Maud. -All four will remember the details of their high school graduations.

Li Na and Zhang will show less memory loss overall than Beatrice and Maud

A plausible theory of what may contribute to the differential in intelligence test scores of older and younger adults is that __________. -older adults are less educated than younger adults -younger adults are more intelligent than older adults -older adults have a slower reaction time than younger adults -younger adults are less cognitively adept than older adults

Older adults have a slower reaction time than younger adults

According to genetic programming theories of aging, __________. -aging is strictly a reflection of cell exposure to environmental toxins -our DNA contains a built-in time limit for the reproduction of human cells -the mechanical functions of the body simply wear out over time, resulting in deterioration and death -hydrogen-free radicals are implicated in multiple age-related illnesses

Our DNA contains a built-in time limit for the reproduction of human cells

Ninety-two-year-old Henry is watching his 26-year-old grandson play a video game that involves a military-style shootout. Henry challenges his grandson to a round, but a few minutes into the game, Henry becomes frustrated, mutters something about his fingers not working fast enough, and decides to quit. Henry's inability to keep up with his grandson's quick game play is best explained by the __________. -generalized slowing hypothesis -shortening of reaction time -increased speed of processing time -peripheral slowing hypothesis

Peripheral slowing hypothesis

What is the major difference between primary aging and secondary aging? -Primary aging is irreversible and is due to genetic predisposition; secondary aging is potentially reversible and is a result of illness, health habits, and other individual differences. -Primary aging refers to changes that happen due to poor health habits; secondary aging refers to changes that happen due to genetic factors. -Secondary aging reflects changes common to specific groups; primary aging is selective to individuals. -Secondary aging is permanent; primary aging is reversible.

Primary aging is irreversible and is due to genetic predisposition; secondary aging is potentially reversible and is a result of illness, health habits, and other individual differences

Seventy-eight-year-old Zahra, an avid fan of Spanish-speaking television programs, is experiencing significant inability to recall what happened in the last episode of her favorite novella. Worried about her memory problems, Zahra makes an appointment with her doctor. What is the most likely explanation for Zahra's lapse in short-term memory? -She no longer comprehends the Spanish language. -Biological factors such as the reduction of testosterone are impeding her recall. -She is reacting to a new medication her doctor recently prescribed. -She is overtaxing her memory and is likely being too critical of her ability to recall information.

She is reacting to a new medication her doctor recently prescribed

Which statement is true about Alzheimer's disease? -Some evidence suggests that taking certain vitamins may result in lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. -Scientists believe dietary choices are the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease. -Drug treatments are now available that offer a cure for Alzheimer's disease. -Genetics accounts for almost all cases of Alzheimer's diagnoses; therefore, people without a family member with the disease are not at risk of developing it.

Some evidence suggests that taking certain vitamins may result in lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease

Which statement best reflects the grandparenting and great-parenting roles? -Caucasian grandfathers play a more integral role in the lives of their grandchildren than African American grandfathers. -Grandfathers tend to be more involved with their grandchildren than are grandmothers. -Most grandparents are uninterested and uninvolved in the lives of their grandchildren. -Some people view great-grandchildren as a concrete indicator of their family's longevity.

Some people view great-grandchildren as concrete indicator of their family's longevity

Which statement is true about health and wellness in aging adults? -The elderly are more likely to experience psychological disorders such as depression than younger adults. -The majority of people over age 85 have Alzheimer's disease. -Some research shows that having sex after age 75 correlates with an increased life span. -Due to a lifetime of experience, older people are able to bounce back quickly from illness.

Some research shows that having sex after age 75 correlates with an increased life span

As people progress through old age, they can typically expect the most amount of decline in the ability to recall __________. -a family recipe for lasagna -how to drive a car -the first trip to Boston they took as a child -the days of the week

The first trip to Boston they took as a child

Older adults between the ages of 75 and 84 are referred to as __________. -the young old -the old old -the oldest old -centenarians

The old old

Natasha, an energetic and active 76-year-old, is excited about her upcoming classes at the local community college. Although she is thrilled to be back in the classroom, she is a bit nervous about her ability to keep pace with her younger classmates. According to research, what aspect of the college classroom may prove to be the most challenging for Natasha? -mathematics -comprehending instructions -the academic rigor -using the online learning management system

Using the online learning management system

A significant adjustment for retired couples occurs as __________. -men's need for power intensifies -women become more independent -men's need for companionship decreases -women take on more household chores

Women become more independent

Generally speaking, intellectual functioning in older adults __________. -can be somewhat maintained with stimulation and practice -is fixed and unchangeable -is not affected by environmental factors -shows significant declines in all older adults

can be somewhat maintained with stimulation and practice