chapter 9 review questions

A social or cultural group's informal conventions regarding whether, how, and under what circumstances emotions should be expressed are known as _____ rules. a) display b) expression c) presentation d) sociodramatic

a

A traveler is demonstrating _____ memory when they regale a stranger with their life story on a long flight. a) autobiographical b) identity c) sensory d) individual

a

Allyson's sense of herself as artistic, as having brown eyes, and as being rather short are elements of her: a) me-self b) personality c) self-esteem d) I-self

a

In Freudian terms, the _____ is the negotiator that finds a realistic compromise between primal urges and the constraints of society. a) ego b) superego c) id d) libido

a

Kenneth and Mamie Clark conducted pioneering research on ethnic identity beginning in the decade of the: a) 1930s. b) 1950s. c) 1960s. d) 1970s.

a

The establishment of a dominance hierarchy may have the effect of: a) controlling conflict within a social group. b) helping children regulate their emotions by means of active engagement. c) promoting socioemotional competence. d) rewarding non-aggressive behaviors.

a

While identification can be studied with respect to almost any social category, MOST of the research has focused on _____ identity and _____ identity. a) gender; ethnic b) vocational; ethnic c) gender; religious d) vocational; political

a

With respect to Piaget's theory, autonomous morality is to heteronomous morality as _____ is to _____. a) freely chosen; externally imposed b) young children; older children c) social domain; personal sphere d) externally imposed; freely chosen

a

With respect to ethnic socialization, preparation for bias messages: a) becomes more important as children approach adolescence. b) becomes less important as children get older. c) is very rare. d) is more common than cultural socialization messages.

a

Alex is 5 years old, and he likes to help his father work in the garden. Alex's father always praises Alex's efforts to rake leaves into a tidy pile. Based on Erikson's theory, Alex is likely to develop: a) a sense of autonomy. b) a tendency toward initiative. c) an industrious work ethic. d) a general sense of trust.

b

Andrew's grandparents immigrated to Canada from Aberdeen, Scotland. Andrew is proud of his Scots-Canadian heritage. He attends a Presbyterian church and knows the tartans associated with Clan MacLeod, his grandfather's clan affiliation. These elements are parts of Andrew's ethnic: a) differentiation. b) identity. c) socialization. d) stereotyping.

b

Tins is 8. She sits beside her mother at the vanity, pretending to apply makeup as her mother gets ready for the day. Tina is MOST specifically described as demonstrating the process of: a) socialization. b) identification. c) differential reinforcement. d) personality formation.

b

When a child learns to not appear disappointed after receiving a gift they do not like, the child is demonstrating an understanding of _____ rules. a) presentation b) display c) sociodramatic d) expression

b

"Bite your tongue!" we exhort when a conversational partner is about to say something hurtful or unsavory. Because it encourages controlling one's behavior, the expression recommends: a) autonomous morality. b) superego. c) identity. d) self-regulation.

d

A group of young boys on the same block have built a treehouse. One of the boys paints a sign reading "No girls allowed"; of course, the "s" is backwards. This scenario BEST illustrates: a) identity b) role c) modeling d) segregation

d

Behavior such as sharing, helping, caregiving, and showing compassion is called _____ behavior. a) relational b) essentialistic c) altruistic d) prosocial

d

In Freudian terms, the _____ is the mental structure that mediates between bodily drives and the social world. a) superego b) id c) libido d) ego

d

Kirk, Shawn, and their sisters are playing. Kirk and Shawn are pretending to be firemen rescuing their sisters, who are pretending to be trapped in a blaze. These children are engaged in _____ play. a) Parallel b) onlooker c) rough-and-tumble d) sociodramatic

d

Sasha, a preschool teacher, has noticed that girls and boys rarely play in mixed pairs or groups on the playground. Which developmental phenomenon is Sasha observing? a) identification b) personality formation c) sex-role acquisition d) gender segregation

d

Developmentalists traditionally define personal identity as consisting of two parts, the I-self and the _____.

me-self

The id, ego, and superego are elements of the _____ view of moral development.

psychodynamic

A 4-year-old girl states, "When I grow up, I'm going to marry Daddy." According to Sigmund Freud, this is an example of: a) abnormal behavior. b) the Oedipus complex. c) the Electra complex. d) the superego.

c

African American parents call it "the talk": They sit their pubescents sons down and tell them how to interact with police officers to decrease the likelihood that they will come to harm during an encounter with law enforcement. "The talk" is an example of the ethnic socialization category called: a) cultural socialization. b) cultural mediation. c) preparation for bias. d) affirmative awareness

c

In the 1980s, "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" singer Cyndi Lauper had another hit with "All Through the Night." One of the most affecting lines is, "Stray cat is crying/So stray cat sings back." Anthropomorphism aside, the second cat is displaying Hoffman's: a) sympathy. b) egocentric empathy. c) global empathy. d) relational empathy.

c

On one Sunday in February, the entire North Side of a city in the Southeastern United States celebrates Black History Month with an elaborate African American Heritage parade. Families barbecue, tailgate, and socialize in yards, parks, and medians all along the route. This celebration is an example of the ethnic socialization category of: a) affirmative awareness. b) preparation for bias. c) cultural socialization. d) cultural mediation.

c

Recall the conclusion presented at the end of the "Looking Ahead" section in Chapter 9. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between socialization and personality formation? a) Personality formation drives socialization. b) Socialization drives personality formation. c) Socialization and personality formation influence each other. d) Socialization is unrelated to personality formation.

c

The directive to "act like a man" BEST illustrates the concept of a gender: a) model. b) schema. c) role. d) identity.

c