Chapter

Which hormone is secreted when chyme, expecially when it's rich in lipids and partially digested proteins, enters the duodenum?

CCK

Put the regions of the stomach in the order through which food and chyme would pass.

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part

The chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium is __________.

Digestion

An error in swallowing is most likely detected by the __________.

Larynx

Villikinin, motilin, and somatostatin are produced in the __________.

Small Intestine

The hormone gastrin __________.

increases the activity of the parietal and chief cells

Sympathetic stimulation of the muscularis externa promotes __________.

muscular inhibition and relaxation

How does the mucosa of the distal rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?

The colon and the cecum are lined with a simple columnar epithelium for absorption, whereas the distal rectum is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium because the rectum is next to the opening to the exterior of the body.

In the oral cavity, the digestive enzyme __________ is found in saliva and begins the digestion of __________.

amylase; starch

The numerous transverse folds in the small intestine that serve to increase the surface area for absorption are the __________.

circular folds (plicae cicrulares)

The reflex that occurs in the rectum and promotes the movement of feces toward the anus is the __________.

defecation reflex

The bile duct and the pancreatic duct both enter the duodenum at the _____________.

duodenal papilla

The esophagus enters the abdominopelvic cavity by passing through the ________________ of the diaphragm.

esophageal hiatus

The muscular sphincter that guards the opening between the ileum and the cecum is the __________.

ileocecal valve

Which type of tooth is responsible for clipping and cutting?

incisor

The primary effect of secretin is to __________.

increase the secretion of bile and buffers by the liver and the pancreas

Chief cells in the gastric glands secrete ________________.

pepsinogen

Which of the following causes an immediate increase in the rates of glandular secretion and peristaltic activity in all segments of the small intestine?

Gastroenteric reflex

Which of the following cranial nerves is involved in both initiating the swallowing reflex as food passes by the uvula and helping to coordinate the peristalitic waves of the esophagus?

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

A large connective tissue structure, composed mostly of fat, that hangs like an apron from the lateral and inferior borders of the stomach describes the ________________.

Greater Omentum

What are the pouches that give the colon its typical appearance?

Haustra

Which of the following is not a function of saliva?

Increasing dental caries

The active process that occurs when food enters the digestive tract via the mouth is __________.

Ingestion

Which of the following statements about peritonitis is not true?

It leads to inflammation of the digestive mucosa.

Fatty acids and lipids are absorbed into the ____________ found in each villus of the small intestine.

Lacteal

Which of the following produces, on a daily basis, the least number of the peristaltic contractions that force food through the digestive tract?

Large Intestine

Which process is NOT involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach?

Movement of Cl- from the intestinal lumen to the interstitial fluid.

What is the order of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract, starting with the layer in contact with the food?

Mucosa; submucosa; muscularis externa; serosa

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Muscularis externa

Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?

Parietal cells

Which of the following digestive regions is responsible for the propulsion of materials into the esophagus?

Pharynx

Which of the following is not true of the microbiome?

Produce vitamin C

Which of the following is NOT produced by the gastric glands in the stomach of an adult?

Renin

Which of the following is not true of the parotid glands?

Secretions empty along the lingual frenulum

The digestive tract motility and secretions are controlled by a complex set of mechanisms. Which of the following is NOT a normal way the digestive tract functioning is controlled?

Somatic motor neurons

Which two factors play important parts in moving the chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?

Stomach distension and gastrin release

What type of epithelium makes up the oral mucosa?

Stratified Squamous

Which of the following major layers of the digestive tract is described as a layer of dense, irregular connective tissue filled with blood vessels and contains a nerve plexus?

Submucosa

Which of the following does not properly describe tooth structure?

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to bone called enamel.

Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

Cecum

What is the correct sequence of parts in the colon moving from the small intestine to the anus?

Cecum; ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum

There are some obvious bends in the colon that you don't see in the small intestine. What are the names of these bends?

Flexures

Which peptide hormone causes the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islets?

GIP

What is perhaps the most important function of the large intestine?

Water reabsorption

Which of the following is correct for adult dentition?

4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 bicuspids, and 6 molars on each side

What is the average composition of fecal waste material?

75 percent water, 5 percent bacteria, and 20 percent indigestible materials, inorganic matter, and epithelial remains

Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides

The primary functions of intestinal juices include which of the following?

All of the listed responses are correct. to moisten the chyme to dissolve digestive enzymes and the products of digestion to assist in buffering acids

Which of the following are NOT absorbed in the large intestine?

All of the listed substances are absorbed in the large intestine. Water Certain vitamins, such as vitamin K Organic wastes, such as urobilinogens

Why would you not be able to swallow a completely dry food bolus?

All the listed responses are correct

What is the benefit of the stomach having rugae?

Allowing the expansion of the lumen

The small, slender structure that is attached to the large intestine and is suffused with lymphoid nodules is the __________.

Appendix

The absorption of which vitamin would be impaired if the stomach were removed?

B12

What is the correct sequence of events in moving a bolus of food to the stomach?

Bolus is moved to oropharynx; epiglottis folds over glottis; esophageal peristalsis; opening of lower esophageal sphincter

The enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal glands are responsible for producing which intestinal hormones?

Cholecystokinin and secretin

If you put marbles in your mouth, which cranial nerve monitors receptors that detect their presence and causes the salivary reflex?

Cranial Nerve V

Which of the following is the term for swallowing?

Deglutition

What is the main stimulus that triggers the defecation reflex?

Distension of the rectum

What cells in the digestive epithelium produce hormones that help regulate the digestive tract?

Enteroendocrine cells

Which of the following is not found in the lamina propria?

Epithelial Tissue

Which of the following is not a step in the overall digestive process?

Excretion

What is the benefit of the large folds of the lining of the esophagus?

Expansion for swallowing

What is the hormone secreted by the small intestine that dilates capillaries in the small intestine area?

VIP

The plicae of the intestinal mucosa, which bears the intestinal villi, are structural features that __________.

increase the total surface area for absorption

Many visceral smooth muscle networks have rhythmic cycles of activity in the absence of neural stimulation because of __________.

pacesetter cells that spontaneously depolarize and trigger the contraction of entire muscular sheets

The two positive-feedback loops involved in the defecation reflex are __________.

the stretch receptors in the rectal walls and the sacral parasympathetic system

Which oral structure(s) is/are responsible for manipulating food to assist in chewing and in the production of the enzyme lipase?

tongue