Chapter Four-- MKTG 4280

Which of the following statements about education as a social institution is true?

Nationwide literacy tends to help a country grow its economy rapidly.

What change has happened to American culture and social institutions?

People are spending time with media such as television and the Internet instead of socializing with their families.

Which of the following statements regarding cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is true?

Personal ambition and free will are valued and encouraged in these cultures.

The degree to which a culture will tolerate social inequality between superiors and subordinates is measured by the

Power Distance Index.

Which of the following statements about social institutions and their effect on a country's culture is true?

Religion has an enormous effect on a society's values.

In most cultures, an infant's first experience with a social institution other than the home is most likely to be

Religious

Patterns of cultural behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated are known as

Rituals

In what way is culture changing in most countries?

Smaller families are now favored.

Which of the following statements about Jared Diamond's research regarding the influence of geography on international marketing is true?

He claimed that new ideas moved more quickly from east to west than from north to south.

The ______ Index denotes an inclination toward behavior that advances a person's self-interest.

Individualism/Collectivism

Which of the following is true of the similar-but-different aspect of culture?

It can lead people to think that cultures have more in common than they actually do.

Which statement is true of culture?

It exists in the mind of each person.

Which of the following statements about linguistic distance is true?

Large linguistic distances raise the price of international marketing.

In which of the following ways have the availability of birth control affected families throughout the world? (Check all that apply.)

Many women are waiting longer to have children Families have fewer children More women are waiting longer to get married

The loss of various spoken languages is part of a general

decrease in cultural distinctiveness around the world.

Cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

embrace an "I" mentality.

True or false: International marketers must remember that what appears on the surface of a culture may be different in its cultural meaning because a culture adapts and customizes borrowed cultural facets to its own needs.

True

True or false: Marketers must be aware that their own cultures affect how they perceive other cultures.

True

Which of the following statements regarding similarities among cultures is true?

Two cultures that speak the same language might interpret certain phrases or words in a very different way.

Which of the following have the greatest effect on values and culture?

families the media schools

A marketer who practices cultural _____ is offering products that are much like what is already being sold, and the new products are offered in a way that fits into the existing culture as much as possible.

congruence

Mastersource Inc., an electronics manufacturer, introduces products that resemble what is already present in the market in order to reduce cultural resistance. Mastersource Inc. is engaging in cultural

congruence

The Chinese practice of _____ refers to a connection between people and the universe to the energy that supports life and promotes balance and peace in a person's surroundings.

feng shui

When evaluating a situation, a Westerner is more likely to

focus on the central figures and not see much of the background.

Innovations most easily incorporated into a culture are those that

generate the most interest within society.

The emergence of cola brands such as Mecca Cola and Arab Cola in the Middle East in the 2000s is a reflection of which of the following?

historic events affecting culture

The concept of linguistic distance revolves around the notion that

it is less expensive to do business in a foreign country where people speak a language that is similar to that of the marketer.

Unlike individualistic societies, collective societies

link people strongly together through close-knit groups.

Cultures that score low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

subdue the individual and favor the group.

In the context of thought processes, Asians

tend to see the entire picture rather than just the foreground when evaluating a situation.

Cultures that score high on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index

value security and try to always follow the rules.

Which of the following features are associated with cultures that score low on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index?

willing to take risks not much anxiety and stress willing to put up with people who deviate from normal behavior

A responsible effort to learn from the cultural ways of others in the quest for a solution to a society's problems is known as

cultural borrowing

Paying attention to the fine distinctions of culture so that it can be studied in an open-minded way, assessed, and admired is known as

cultural sensitivety

Individuals from cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores

are likely to hold egalitarian beliefs.

Cultures that score high on the Power Distance Index

are often hierarchical.

Which of the following is true of language?

Around the world, the number of spoken languages has been dwindling.

Countries have been transitioning from agricultural to industrial to service economies. The result has been _______.

A drop in birthrates

Which of the following statements about cultural change is true?

A marketer assessing a society should remember that cultures are constantly changing.

_____ refers to energy that supports life and travels through everyone's body and the environment, including the inside and outside of houses and places of employment.

Ch'i

Which of the following types of governance competed for world dominance for most of the 20th century? (Check all that apply.)

Colonialism Fascism Communism Democracy

Which of the following types of governance crumbled in the 1990s?

Communism

Which of the following will cause the countries within the European Union to become increasingly similar in what they need, what they want, and how they behave in the economic market? (Check all that apply.)

Countries depending more on one another, both economically and socially Growth in global mass communications

___ is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.

Culture

Randy works for a large manufacturing company. Though he is in management, his anxiety and stress levels are low. He likes to brainstorm with his colleagues and is open to exploring new ideas and taking risks. Which of the following is true of Randy?

His Uncertainty Avoidance Index score is low.

Which of the following statements about the origins of culture is true?

Historic events can affect technology, social institutions, culture, and behavior.

Which of the following statements regarding international marketing is true?

It is easier to communicate with consumers who can read and write than with people who can understand only symbols.

Which of the following is the geographical argument used by Jared Diamond to theorize why Euro-Asian cultures have sometimes dominated African and American cultures?

It was easier for ideas and information to travel over the Silk Road instead of crossing the Sahara or the Isthmus of Panama.

Match each dimension (in the left column) with its corresponding feature (in the right column).

The Individual/Collective Index--focuses on self-orientation The Power Distance Index--focuses on authority orientation The Uncertainty Avoidance Index--focuses on risk orientation The Masculinity/Femininity Index--focuses on assertiveness and achievement

Which of the following statements regarding culture in international marketing is true?

The marketer's interaction with the local culture determines whether the marketing will fail or succeed.

Which of the following statements about rituals is true?

The most obvious rituals take place when people are experiencing turning points in their lives.

Which of the following best explains the effect of birth control techniques on men's lives in the past 50 years?

They gave men more time to spend with their children.

In which of the following ways do social institutions affect cultural values? (Check all that apply.)

They influence people to live in peace together. They teach each new generation how to act in an acceptable way.

Which of the following statements about individuals from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores is true?

They tend to distrust people who are not part of their group

What are the four primary dimensions along which the cultures of nations differ, according to Geert Hofstede?

Uncertainty Avoidance Index Masculinity/Femininity Index Individualism/Collectivism Index Power Distance Index

Which of the following statements regarding cultural borrowing is true?

When people are introduced to a belief or practice from another culture and they approve of it, they incorporate it into their own culture.

Which of the following statements regarding the change in family as a social institution is true?

Women are delaying marriage, especially in Asia

Which of the following best describes how birth control techniques have affected the lives of women in the past 50 years?

Women have more time to spend on their careers.

A high score on the Individualism/Collective Index indicates

a culture that encourages individual ambition.

People from cultures with low Power Distance Index scores often say that _____ is a source of power.

achievement

An individual with a high score on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index is most likely to

adhere to tested patterns of behavior.

In the context of international marketing, culture

affects the way consumer prioritize the things they desire and the things they need.

Unlike a collectivist society, an individualistic society is one in which people

are connected to others, but only in a loose way.

A culture is most likely to accept something new when _____. (Select all that apply.)

people have some reason to be quite interested in the innovation the innovation will not disrupt existing beliefs and behaviors very much

Interpersonal relationships are strongly affected by _____ such as family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations.

social institutions

People who come from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores often say that power and social status are derived from

social roles inheritance manipulation

Cultures are always changing, and yet

they also resist change, which is one of their fundamental attributes.

An individual who scores low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is most likely to

think in terms of "we" instead of "I."