Chapter Quiz 1

As a result of gaps in the behaviorist paradigm, the new cognitive paradigm began to emerge in which decade?

1950s

Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?

Because he used behavior to infer mental processes

Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?

Donald Broadbent

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

inferred from the participant's behavior.

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus.

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as

operant conditioning.

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.

Reaction time refers to the time between the _______ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

presentation

Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP) approach to the study of cognition?

IP emphasizes stimulus-response relationships in cognitive processes.

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?

People who are deaf process auditory information on a nonconscious level.

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of

cognition.

Your text describes the occurrence of a "cognitive revolution" during which dramatic changes took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called revolution occurred parallel to (and, in part, because of) the introduction of

computers

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their computer program

created proofs for problems in logic.

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George Miller presented a paper suggesting that

there are limits to the human ability to process information.