Chapter Quizzes 6&7 Ap bio
Which one of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? (Concepts 6.4E-Book and 6.5E-Book) [Hint] endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane mitochondrial outer membrane lysosome membrane Golgi apparatus
mitochondrial outer membrane
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] actin pseudopodia mitochondria tubulin motor proteins
motor proteins
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint] muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree bacterial cells that are growing on sugars inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use cells in the skin on your finger that are not dividing
muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint] are produced by the nucleus of the cell must divide each time the cell containing them divides are part of the endomembrane system are involved in energy metabolism of the cell contain two or more membranes
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] distilled water 0.4 M 0.8 M 1.0 M none of the above
1.0 M
Green olives may be preserved in brine, which is a 30% salt solution. How does this method of preservation prevent contamination by microorganisms? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] Bacterial cells shrivel up in high salt solutions, causing the cell to burst. High salt concentration lowers the pH, thus inhibiting bacterial metabolism. High salt concentration raises the pH, thus inhibiting bacterial metabolism. A 30% salt solution is hypotonic to the bacteria, so they gain too much water and burst. A 30% salt solution is hypertonic to the bacteria, so they lose too much water and cannot survive.
A 30% salt solution is hypertonic to the bacteria, so they lose too much water and cannot survive.
Which of the following is a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? (Concepts 7.3 E-Book and 7.4 E-Book) [Hint] Active transport involves transport proteins, and facilitated diffusion does not. Facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient, and active transport cannot. Active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane, but facilitated diffusion can only move in one direction. Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, and active transport does not. Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.
Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not
Active transport requires a cell to expend energy. Which of the following statements is not true? (Concept 7.4E-Book) [Hint] For most solutes, active transport most often involves an ATP-powered ion pump and a cotransport protein. Active transport uses ATP as its energy source. Active transport usually moves solutes down the concentration gradient. Active transport requires a protein carrier. Proteins involved in active transport are integral membrane proteins.
Active transport usually moves solutes down the concentration gradient.
Which of the following is not a true statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint] Each contains a small amount of DNA. Neither are components of the endomembrane system. Both are composed of two separate membranes. Each organelle synthesizes some of its own proteins. All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct
Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. Oxygen will diffuse more quickly into cell _____ because _____. (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] A ... the diffusion gradient there is shallower A ... its membrane transport proteins will not be saturated B ... the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper B ... the oxygen molecules inside cell B have a higher kinetic energy B ... the gradient of oxygen is oriented in the opposite direction compared to cell A
B ... the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper
If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, what would happen to the two types of cells? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] The red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would shrink. Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall. Seawater is isotonic to both cells. There will be no change in water content of the cells. Both cells would gain water by osmosis; the red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would increase in turgor pressure. The red blood cell would shrink, and the plant cell would gain water.
Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma
Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint] Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates. The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups. The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells. Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells. Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
Which one of the following molecules is most likely to diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the involvement of a transport protein? (Concept 7.2E-Book) [Hint] carbon dioxide glucose sodium ion DNA hemoglobin
CO2
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus. Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Which of the following statements about cotransport of solutes across a membrane is correct? (Concept 7.4E-Book) [Hint] Cotransport involves the hydrolysis of ATP by the transporting protein. A cotransport protein is most commonly an ion channel. Cotransport proteins allow a single ATP-powered pump to drive the active transport of many different solutes. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of a cotransport protein. In cotransport, both solutes that are being transported are moving down their chemical gradients.
Cotransport proteins allow a single ATP-powered pump to drive the active transport of many different solutes.
Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through phospholipid pores in the membrane. Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through protein pores in the membrane. There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through protein pores in the membrane.
Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint] lysosome ... plasma membrane Golgi apparatus .... mitochondria Golgi apparatus ... vacuole plasma membrane ... nuclear envelope nuclear envelope ... lysosome
Golgi and vacuole
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint] on ribosomes on the nuclear envelope on free cytoplasmic ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the mitochondria in the plasma membrane
In rough ER
Which one of the following statements is true about diffusion? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] It is very rapid over long distances. It requires expenditure of energy by the cell. It is a passive process. It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. It always requires integral proteins of the cell membrane.
It is a passive process.
Select the correct statement concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane. (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] Carbohydrates are only found associated with the membranes of prokaryotic cells. The carbohydrate composition of most eukaryotic plasma membranes is quite similar. Carbohydrates on the plasma membrane are typically short chains of 2-5 monosaccharides. Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition. Carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane are located on both surfaces of the membrane.
Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition.
Movement of phospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other does occur under appropriate circumstances. Based on your understanding of membrane structure and transport, which of the following is likely to describe this movement of phospholipids between the two sides of a membrane? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] free movement of phospholipids between the two sides of the membrane making the phospholipids more unsaturated making the phospholipids more saturated providing a protein channel for the phospholipid None of the above could facilitate movement of phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other.
None of the above could facilitate movement of phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other.
Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint] They are all involved in ATP synthesis. They all contain two or more membranes. They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins. They are all part of the plastid family of organelles. None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
Imagine two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows water to pass, but not sucrose or glucose. The membrane separates a 0.2-molar sucrose solution from a 0.2-molar glucose solution. With time, how will the solutions change? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] Nothing happens because the two solutions are isotonic to one another. Water enters the sucrose solution because the sucrose molecule is a disaccharide and thus larger than the monosaccharide glucose. Water leaves the sucrose solution because the sucrose molecule is a disaccharide and thus larger than the monosaccharide glucose. The sucrose solution is hypertonic and will gain water because the total mass of sucrose is greater than that of glucose. After the sucrose dissociates to two monosaccharides, water will be osmotically drawn to that side of the membrane.
Nothing happens because the two solutions are isotonic to one another.
Which of the following statements is true about passive transport? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] Passive transport operates independently of diffusion. Passive transport operates independently of the concentrations of the substance being transported. In passive transport, all movement of the transported molecule stops when its concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane. Passive transport does not occur in the human body. Passive transport permits the transported molecule to move in either direction, but the majority of transport occurs down the concentration gradient of the molecule.
Passive transport permits the transported molecule to move in either direction, but the majority of transport occurs down the concentration gradient of the molecule.
Which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in forming membranes is correct? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] Phospholipids are completely insoluble in water. Phospholipids form a single sheet in water. Phospholipids form a structure in which the hydrophobic portion faces outward. Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure. They are triacylglycerols, which are commonly available in foods.
Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is incorrect? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] Microtubules are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. Microfilaments are chains of proteins that resist stretching. Intermediate filaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to microfilaments and microtubules. Components of the cytoskeleton are often involved with movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. None of the above is correct.
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Assume that when a plant cell divides, one of the daughter cells lacks chloroplasts. Which of the following would be reasons that the cell could not produce new chloroplasts from scratch? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint] Chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system. Chloroplasts contain unique DNA that encodes for some of their own proteins. Chloroplasts are a source of energy for plant cells. The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
Which of the following are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint] the cytoplasm the rough endoplasmic reticulum in mitochondria The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
Which statement(s) about the ratio of cell surface area to cell volume is (are) correct? Because of limitations in the surface-to-volume ratio, larger organisms generally do not have larger-volume cells when compared to smaller organisms. Cells involved in uptake of materials with their environment have large surface areas without greatly increasing their volume. Cells with more convoluted surfaces have larger surface-to-volume ratios than cells with smooth surfaces. The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
Which of the following are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell the cell's surface-to-volume ratio the presence of a nucleus in the cell The first two answers are correct The first three answers are correct
The first two answers are correct
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint] Both are permeable to water and small solutes. Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
The first two answers are correct.
Which of the following organelles, if any, lack membranes as part of their structure? (Concepts 6.3- 6.7E-Book) [Hint] vacuoles ribosomes microfilaments The first two answers are correct. The second and third answers are correct.
The second and third answers are correct
Which statement(s) about the sidedness of the plasma membrane is (are) correct? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] Parts of proteins that are exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum are also exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. The asymmetrical distribution of membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates across the plasma membrane is determined as the membrane is being constructed. Every integral membrane protein has specific orientation in the plasma membrane. The first and second answers are correct. The first, second, and third answers are all correct.
The first, second, and third answers are all correct.
The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements is true? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] The fluid component of the membrane is composed of phospholipids, and the mosaic part is composed of carbohydrates. The fluid aspect of the membrane describes its structure at normal temperatures, and the mosaic aspect describes the membrane as the temperature is lowered. The mosaic comprises the carbohydrate chains on the inner surface of the membrane. The fluid component of the membrane is phospholipid, and the mosaic is protein. Only phospholipids are capable of moving in the membrane.
The fluid component of the membrane is phospholipid, and the mosaic is protein.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint] The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
Consider the transport of protons and sucrose into a plant cell by the sucrose-proton cotransport protein. Plant cells continuously produce a proton gradient by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump protons out of the cell. Why, in the absence of sucrose, don't protons move back into the cell through the sucrose-proton cotransport protein? (Concept 7.4E-Book) [Hint] Protons cannot move through membrane transport proteins. Protons are freely permeable through the phospholipid bilayer, so no transport protein is needed for protons. The movement of protons through the cotransport protein cannot occur unless sucrose also moves at the same time. In the absence of sucrose, the ATP-powered proton pump does not function, so there is no proton gradient. Protons, unlike other substances, do not diffuse down their concentration gradient.
The movement of protons through the cotransport protein cannot occur unless sucrose also moves at the same time.
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is incorrect? (Concept 7.4E-Book) [Hint] The sodium-potassium pump transports Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane in opposite directions at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. The sodium-potassium pump creates an electrochemical gradient. The sodium-potassium pump is electrogenic. The sodium-potassium pump causes a pH gradient across the plasma membrane. The sodium-potassium pump creates concentration gradients of both Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane.
The sodium-potassium pump causes a pH gradient across the plasma membrane
The surface cells that line the intestines are highly folded to optimize uptake of molecules from the digestive tract. If these cells were treated with a drug that causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, which of the following would be most likely to occur? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] Adjacent cells would lose their contact with each other. The surface of the cells would become more randomly shaped. The uptake of substances from the intestines into the cells would be completely stopped. The plasma membrane would rupture. The nuclear pores would cease to function.
The surface of the cells would become more randomly shaped or adjacent cells would lose their contact with each other.
A single plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] The added salt would enter the cell, causing the cell to take up water and swell. Water would enter the cell by osmosis, and the cell would swell. Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease. There would be no osmotic movement of water in response to the added salt. The added salt makes the solution hypotonic compared to the cell. Water will enter the cell by osmosis.
Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.
Which statement about cell fractionation is incorrect? The first step in cell fractionation is disruption of the cells and their organelles. Organelles that are largest or heaviest are likely to be isolated earlier in the fractionation procedure than those that are smaller or lighter. Organelles are separated by spinning the cell extract at several different speeds in a centrifuge. When a cell extract is centrifuged, smaller organelles end up in the pellet at the bottom of the tube and larger organelles remain in the liquid above the pellet. Isolation of the smallest organelles (such as ribosomes) requires very high centrifuge speeds.
When a cell extract is centrifuged, smaller organelles end up in the pellet at the bottom of the tube and larger organelles remain in the liquid above the pellet.
A certain cell contains mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and several other cellular components. Based on this information, this cell could not be _____. a cell from a pine tree a grasshopper cell a yeast (fungus) cell a bacterium The description above could fit any of the cells listed in the answers.
a bacterium
The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%, but red blood cells contain almost no sucrose or urea. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] a hypertonic sucrose solution a hypotonic sucrose solution a hypertonic urea solution a hypotonic urea solution pure water
a hypertonic sucrose solution
Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein? (Concept 7.2E-Book) [Hint] a large polar molecule a large nonpolar molecule dissolved gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide a small nonpolar molecule Any of the above would easily diffuse through the membrane.
a large polar molecule
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar that diffuses slowly through artificial membranes. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move glucose from the gut into their cytoplasm. This occurs whether the gut concentrations of glucose are higher or lower than the glucose concentrations in intestinal cell cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for the glucose transport in intestinal cells? (Concepts 7.3 E-Book and 7.4 E-Book) [Hint] simple diffusion phagocytosis active transport exocytosis facilitated diffusion
active transport
Which of the following functional processes result(s) from the presence of proteins in or on the plasma membrane? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] enzymatic activity cell-cell recognition intercellular joining cell-cell communication all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint] Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. Mitochondria have more than one membrane. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. Mitochondria are independent of the endomembrane system. All of the above are characteristics of mitochondria.
all of the above
Which of the following cellular processes or characteristics is not related to the cytoskeleton? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] transmission of information from the cell surface to the interior of the cell movement of the chromosomes during cell division movement of cilia or flagella contraction of muscle cells All of the above are related to the cytoskeleton.
all of the above are related to the cytoskeleton
Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] Membrane proteins attach the membrane to the cytoskeleton. Membrane proteins provide receptors for chemical messengers. Membrane proteins form channels, which move substances across the membrane. Membrane proteins with short sugar chains form identification tags that are recognized by other cells. All of these are functions of membrane proteins.
all of these are functions of membrane proteins
Which one of the following is not in some way involved in facilitated diffusion? (Concept 7.3E-Book) [Hint] a concentration gradient a membrane a protein an outside energy source All of the above are components of facilitated diffusion.
an outside energy source
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____. have a very high metabolic rate be buried deep in the interior of an organism be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment be a prokaryotic cell be nearly spherical in shape
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which one of the following cell components? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] nucleus mitochondria cilia the central vacuole Golgi apparatus
cilia
Which of the following correctly describes a general property of all electrogenic pumps? (Concept 7.4E-Book) [Hint] pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell creates a voltage difference across the membrane can pump a large variety of solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient a cell with an interior that is positively charged relative to the outside of the cell a cell with a high internal concentration of protons
creates a voltage difference across the membrane
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] muscles cytoskeleton transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi plasma membrane ribosomes
cytoskeleton or transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint] in the aqueous interior of a lysosome functioning as a digestive enzyme in the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted in a mitochondrion functioning in ATP synthesis
embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via which process? (Concept 7.5E-Book) [Hint] osmosis passive transport exocytosis active transport endocytosis
endocytosis
Which of the following processes, normally associated with membrane transport, must occur in order to account for the increase in the surface area of a cell? (Concept 7.5E-Book) [Hint] endocytosis active transport receptor-mediated endocytosis exocytosis flip-flop of phospholipids from one side of the plasma membrane to the other
exocytosis
A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters the cell? (Concept 7.4E-Book) [Hint] movement of Ca2+ into the cell through an ion channel down its concentration gradient passive diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient cotransport of Ca2+ into the cell with Cl- ions movement of Ca2+ into the cell through a carrier protein down its electrical gradient facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient
facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient
Which of the following is (are) most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion, neither of which is part of the endomembrane system? (Concepts 6.4E-Book and 6.5E-Book) [Hint] transport vesicles free cytoplasmic ribosomes the Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Which one of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint] rough endoplasmic reticulum free cytoplasmic ribosomes Golgi apparatus transport vesicles All of the above will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes.
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint] Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane transport vesicles rough endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____. lack chromosomes have a smaller nucleus lack a plasma membrane have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm have no ribosomes
have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint] free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes on the rough ER in bacterial cells The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
in bacterial cells
Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] on the outside (external) surface of the membrane in the interior of the membrane on the inside (cytoplasmic) surface in the interior and on the inside surface, but not on the outside surface on either surface of the membrane, but not in the interior of the membrane
in the interior of the membrane
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ____. (Concepts 6.4E-Book and 6.7E-Book) [Hint] externally to the plasma membrane in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the Golgi apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should he choose and why is it the best choice? light microscope, because of its high resolving power transmission electron microscope, because of its high magnifying power scanning electron microscope, because of its ability to visualize the surface of sub-cellular objects. transmission electron microscope, because of its high resolving power light microscope, because the specimen is alive
light microscope, because the specimen is alive
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint] breakdown of complex foods energy processing manufacturing structural support of cells information storage
manufacturing
Which of following structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint] cell walls chloroplasts central vacuoles mitochondria none of the above
mitochondira
Which of the following structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells? cytosol plasma membrane mitochondria ribosomes RNA
mitochondria
The average wavelength of visible light is about 550 nanometers (or 0.5 micrometers). Which of the following cellular structures is unlikely to be resolved with a light microscope? the nucleus, which is typically about 5 micrometers in diameter chromosomes in the nucleus during cell division nuclear pore complexes (100 nanometers in diameter) on the nuclear membrane a typical bacterial cell, which is between 0.5 and 2.0 micrometers in diameter a typical eukaryotic cell, which is between 10 and 100 micrometers in diameter
nuclear pore complexes (100 nanometers in diameter) on the nuclear membrane
A plant was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the molecules from which DNA is built. Later examination of dividing cells in the plant showed the majority of the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. (Concepts 6.3E-Book and 6.4E-Book) [Hint] rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome smooth endoplasmic reticulum central vacuole nucleus
nucleus
Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the membrane would oligosaccharides most likely be found? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] on the outside (external) surface of the membrane in the interior of the membrane on the inside (cytoplasmic) surface of the membrane on both hydrophilic surfaces of the membrane but not in the hydrophobic interior Oligosaccharides are rarely associated with plasma membranes.
on the outside (external) surface of the membrane
Which one of the following pairs matches the name of a membrane transport process with the primary function of that process? (Concept 7.5E-Book) [Hint] phagocytosis—secretion of large particles from the cell by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane exocytosis—the movement of water and solutes out of the cell by vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane pinocytosis—the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane. osmosis—passive diffusion of water and small solutes across a membrane None of the above are correct matches.
pinocytosis—the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane.
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____. (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint] tight junction microtubule cell wall plasmodesmata gap junction
plasmodesmata
Which of the following types of information is (are) most likely to be derived from freeze-fracture of biological samples? (Concept 7.1E-Book) [Hint] the coded information in DNA thin sections (slices) of fixed and embedded cells proteins embedded in membrane bilayers patterns of movement in living cells all of the above
proteins embedded in membrane bilayers
Which of the following structures is most consistent with the selective permeability property of biological membranes? (Concept 7.2E-Book) [Hint] proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid a layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipid phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein a phospholipid bilayer with proteins scattered on the surfaces of the membranes
proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid
The transmission of nerve impulses between adjacent nerve cells requires the release of a neurotransmitter (a molecule or small peptide) by exocytosis. Which of the following processes would most likely follow the release of neurotransmitter to bring the cell back to its original state? (Concept 7.5E-Book) [Hint] endocytosis pinocytosis active transport of the neurotransmitter back into the cell passive transport (by facilitated diffusion) of the neurotransmitter back into the cell receptor-mediated endocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule? (Concepts 7.3 E-Book and 7.4 E-Book) [Hint] passive transport facilitated diffusion osmosis receptor-mediated endocytosis channel proteins
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Of the following organelles associated with the endomembrane system, which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? lysosome, vacuole, ribosome ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (Concepts 6.2E-Book, 6.3E-Book, and 6.5E-Book) [Hint] the nucleolus mitochondria ribosomes transport vesicles No organelles are found inside of other organelles.
ribosomes
11 . Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint] mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint] make a lot of ATP secrete a lot of protein move rapidly perform photosynthesis store large quantities of ions
secrete a lot of protein
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____. a microtubule several different organelle membranes a ribosome the nucleus the plasma membrane
the plasma membrane