Chapter Quizzes for Unit 2

Which of the following documents was part of establishing the first-generation human rights?

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Which of the following is a U.S. organization that provides political incentives?

National Democratic Institute

______ seeks to give back to victims what was lost through human rights abuses.

Restorative justice

In 2016, the European Court of Human Rights found ______ to be in violation of human rights standards in more cases than any other country.

Russia

Development aid is most likely to result in little to no economic growth in a(n) ______ country.

authoritarian

How do states gain power and influence using the principles of economic statecraft?

by giving or taking away money or economic opportunity

How do import sanctions affect the country imposing the sanctions?

by raising the price of goods imported from the target country

Which economic theory argues that states should produce whichever goods they are most efficient at making (even if they were not as efficient as other states) and import the rest?

comparative advantage

A state that increases its level of globalization by allowing foreign firms greater access to domestic markets is exhibiting which phenomenon?

deepening

Which of the following has the United Nations condemned as a form of child abuse?

female genital mutilation

Acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group are called ______.

genocide

The UN created a special tribunal to deal with the ______.

genocide in Rwanda

Advances in information and transportation technologies including computers, the Internet, and container ships, helped to introduce which economic era?

global economy era

In addition to helping countries discuss issues, the United Nations also aids development in the area of ______.

health

The World Bank was originally created to ______.

help countries rebuild after World War II

The presence of oil and mineral reserves ______ in a country.

increases prices

What is the primary method by which China has used economic statecraft to increase its influence in Africa?

increasing development aid to the African continent

In general, globalization affects wealth distribution by ______.

increasing inequality both within and between countries

The international system based on norms promoting democracy and human rights is called the ______.

international civil society

A company that controls companies in other countries is viewed as a(n) ______.

multinational corporation

In the World Trade Organization, each country receives ______.

one vote, regardless of size or power

A mercantilist country has had a dramatic increase in population and needs to build new roads to accommodate its expanding cities. However, the state has already used up its natural resources and wealth. The government is most likely to expand its wealth by ______.

establishing colonies outside of its borders

The presence of international businesspeople and media members is most likely to reduce ______ within a country.

ethnic violence and genocide

The Washington Consensus ______.

experienced limited success

Which type of sanction causes prices to rise in the target country?

export

Which of the following deals with the needs of women who are war survivors

Women for Women International

The Big Mac Index compares the cost of ______ in different countries.

a food item

The "Magnitsky Law" is an example of ______.

a smart sanction

Which of the following uses of economic statecraft contributed to Japan's decision to bomb Pearl Harbor during World War II?

a trade embargo by Western powers against Japanese industrial manufacturers

A business that sacrifices profits or sales in order to pay better wages to its overseas production staff is engaging in ______.

fair trade

Governments depend upon private businesses to provide ______.

tax revenues

Which of the following would be considered a populist revolution?

the 2011 overthrow of the Gaddafi regime in Libya

In 1953, the European Convention on Human Rights was created by ______.

the Council of Europe

Suppose that Canada believes that the United States is unfairly subsidizing its farmers, allowing American farmers to charge less than Canadian farmers for their products, thus undermining international competition. To challenge this practice, Canada should appeal to ______.

the Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization

Two countries that avoid conflict by sharing societal norms and beliefs have achieved a ______.

positive peace

Which of the following is a government responsibility that actively hinders the ability of businesses to conduct trade?

protecting borders

Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage argued that ______.

states should produce only the products they make better than all other countries and import the rest

Average GDP per capita basically means ______.

wealth per person

The total amount of development aid given in 2016 was ______.

$142 billion

Studies have shown that for every story about a disaster that appears in a reputable media source, governments provided an additional ______ in humanitarian aid.

$500,000

Fernando lives in a country where one ruler owns and controls nearly all of the resources and wealth. Most of the citizens are poor and receive only what the leader allows them to have. The Gini coefficient in Fernando's country is nearest to ______.

100

In recent years, the economic growth rate in the United Kingdom and United States has been around ______ percent.

2

Suppose that Japan's economy is growing at an annual rate of 3 percent. Due to a territorial dispute, China decides to impose strong economic sanctions on Japan. Based on historical averages, what is the most likely effect of the sanctions on the Japanese economy?

Annual economic growth will fall to zero.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the "giving" money aspect of economic statecraft?

Canada provides a low-interest loan to Kenya for infrastructure development.

______ helps measure inequality within countries.

Gini coefficient

The ______ looks at wealth, life expectancy, and education of a population.

Human Development Index

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the UN Human Rights Council?

It has issued fewer resolutions than the UN Human Rights Commission.

How is humanitarian aid different from other forms of aid?

It is the least politicized form of aid.

Which of the following statements about development aid is true?

It is the most plentiful type of aid.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

It was a product of the Cold War.

Which of the following proposed ideas that contributed to the development of societal rights?

Karl Marx

In the mid-1980s, ______ funneled large sums of money directly into the hands of anti-apartheid groups in South Africa.

NGOs and national governments

______ allow(s) a powerful state to control a smaller state without colonizing it.

Neocolonialism

What was the unintended end result of the World Bank attempt to help the Brazilian steel market?

People cut down large areas of rain forest.

An oil-rich state with considerable wealth faces a number of threats from regional adversaries. Which of the following is the most effective way for the country to use its wealth to achieve security?

Pursue economic and cultural integration with the adversaries.

A developing nation suffers from low economic growth and weak currency values due to its burdensome foreign debt payments. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has offered loans to support the country and encourage growth. Which of the following policies is the IMF most likely to require as a condition of granting the loan?

Reduce spending on housing and education.

How are trade negotiations different from economic sanctions?

Trade negotiations do not involve political goals; economic sanctions do.

Which of the following agencies uses soft power to improve health conditions for children throughout the world?

UNICEF

Which of the following statements best represents the Marxist perspective on the relationship between wealth and power?

Wealth makes one more secure, and poverty makes one less secure and more vulnerable to others.

Which of the following is a major question concerning the principle of human security?

Who pays for the programs supporting this principle?

The ______ is actually a group of five organizations that provide loans to countries for the purpose of development projects.

World Bank

Which of the following forms of aid most often requires the recipient to implement free-market reforms?

World Bank loan

Smallpox was eliminated largely through the efforts of the ______.

World Health Organization

To which of the following countries is the United States most likely to refuse military aid?

a country with a history of human rights violations

The Millennium Development Goals ______.

achieved some successes and some failures

If a country ends its humanitarian assistance to another country over human trafficking concerns, it is engaging in ______ sanction.

aid

The last step of the restorative justice process involves ______.

allowing the victims a voice in the resolution of their grievances

According to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, individual rights exist in the context of ______ rights.

collective

The low GDP per capita in oil-rich Nigeria supports the fact that ______.

countries with rich resources do not always develop

The citizens of New Timeria have recently overthrown the oppressive regime that has ruled the country for decades, and the U.S. government wants to ensure that the country does not slip back into an autocracy. Which of the following forms of aid should the United States provide?

democracy aid

In the last half of the twentieth century, theories to help poor countries succeed were created in response to the ______ of colonialism

end

Which of the following is most likely to be reduced as a country becomes more open to globalization?

forced labor

Which of the following is an example of economic integration being used to increase security?

formation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1950

Which of the following is an intangible benefit of increased foreign trade?

greater cultural familiarity

When compared to state-managed economies, capitalist economies tend to ______.

grow more slowly

The International Red Crescent is considered to be a(n) ______.

human rights NGO

In 2011, the UN Security Council imposed hard power on Libya by ______.

implementing a no-fly zone against Libyan military aircraft

Suppose that in order to encourage Chinese business leaders to strengthen human rights protections for factory workers, the United States wants to limit the amount of Chinese manufactured goods allowed into the United States. To do so, the government should enact ______ sanctions.

import

Which type of economic theory is driven by the concept of supply and demand in a free market?

liberal

In the 2010s, objections to globalization are largely focused on ______.

lower and middle classes being left behind economically and socially

In general, the economic costs of sanctions are ______.

lower for the target country than the cost of compliance, making sanctions largely ineffective

When Anwar's country became free from colonialization during the 1950s, he was hired as an economic advisor to his government. Anwar recommended abandoning farms, encouraging movement to the cites, and promoting industry, following the lead of countries like the United States and Great Britain. Anwar was following ______ theory.

modernization

Offshore banking has made financial sanctions ______.

more difficult to enforce

Modernization theory indicated that developing countries should ______.

move toward industrialization

Zaine owns a small retail business and pays his workers $10 per day. He has just learned that large oil reserves have been discovered in his country. Zaine knows this means that soon he will have to ______.

pay his workers much more than $10 per day

Which of the following historical figures first argued that states should counter the use of economic statecraft by pursuing self-sufficiency?

plato

Mercantilism is the practice of subsidizing domestic businesses and ______.

prohibiting the purchase of foreign goods and services

Which of the following is a common side effect of governments' efforts to attract multinational corporations?

reduced tax revenue

Which of the following best defines economic sanctions?

reducing economic exchange with a country in pursuit of a political goal

The ______ refers to the curious negative effect for a country's economy when the country has a valuable resource such as oil.

resource curse

A country with a democratic government is more likely than other countries to be ______.

rich

Which of the following individual human rights was once used as a justification for slavery?

right to property

For the United States to impose third-party sanctions on a country it does not trade with, it would have to ______.

sanction countries that do business with the target country

How did the United States and European Union use economic statecraft to try to punish Russia for the invasion of Crimea in 2014?

sanctions against high-ranking Russian officials and firms

Compared to development aid, democracy aid packages are ______.

smaller

The United States has a capitalist economy. According to Marxist theory, which type of economic system will immediately replace the current system?

socialism

Which of the following was considered a major economic cause of World War II?

trade wars and economic competition

Some human rights treaties, such as the Convention on Genocide, require the states approving the treaties to accept the principle of ______.

universal jurisdiction

At which point do donor states typically stop providing development aid to a country?

when the recipient's economy rises above poverty level