Chapter review 16,17,18,19,20,21

A man carries a Y-linked trait. He will pass this trait on to __________.

A father passes his Y chromosome to all of his sons.

A short segment of DNA that represents the code for a specific protein is a __________.

A gene carries the information for a particular protein.

Which of the following occurs first to begin labor?

ACTH is released by the mature fetal pituitary gland.

The law of segregation states that __________.

Alleles of a gene are segregated during meiosis.

In the human ABO blood-typing system, an individual with A and B alleles will express both A and B phenotypes on his or her red blood cells. This is an example of __________.

Codominance expresses two alleles equally.

Which of the following is the most difficult to achieve?

Correct. Successful gene therapy is still more of a dream than a reality.

When a straight-haired parent and a curly-haired parent have a wavy-haired child, this is an example of __________.

In incomplete dominance, the offspring exhibits a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents.

The male gamete is the __________, and the female gamete is the __________.

Sperm and egg

Which of the following does NOT occur as a cell progresses toward becoming cancerous?

The cell retains its normal function.

By week eight of development, __________.

all the organs and organ systems are established

As of 2011, gene therapy has been __________.

attempted using retroviruses as delivery vectors

The epididymis __________.

is a single coiled duct just outside the testis

From production to exiting the male body, the pathway of a sperm will be __________.

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

The ultimate human stem cell that divides mitotically to give rise to all adult tissues and organs is called the __________.

zygote

A mutation in the DNA of an organism is passed on to offspring only when __________.

An egg or sperm contributes to the formation of offspring; a mutation in the DNA carried by an egg or sperm will be passed to all cells of a new organism.

A clone is an exact copy of a(n) __________.

An exact copy of a molecule, gene, cell, or organism is considered a clone.

One of the drawbacks in using a diaphragm is __________.

Diaphragms do not provide protection against STDs.

When blood levels of testosterone decrease, __________ will be released by the hypothalamus and will stimulate the anterior pituitary to release __________.

GnRH; LH and FSH

When continuous variation occurs in a phenotypic trait, the trait is likely due to __________.

In polygenic inheritance, multiple genes contribute to the expression of a trait and can produce continuous variation.

Which of the following would NOT occur if the cleavage furrow were unable to form?

The cleavage furrow forms as cytokinesis begins.

In 2011, genetically engineered (GE) plants in the United States __________.

made up 88% of the corn crop and 94% of the soybean crop

After introducing recombinant plasmids into bacteria, the next step toward producing clones of a desired human gene would be which of the following?

selecting the bacteria containing the human gene of interest and allowing it to reproduce

When using gel electrophoresis in DNA fingerprinting, __________.

smaller pieces of DNA migrate faster than larger pieces

In the case of Terri Schiavo, __________.

the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case and her feeding tube was removed

A recessive phenotype will be expressed when __________.

A recessive phenotype will be expressed only when the dominant allele is absent.

A cell is dividing under circumstances when cell division would normally be inhibited. Which of the following is a regulatory gene that has probably been inactivated in the cell?

A tumor-suppressor gene normally inhibits cell division.

Which of the following skin cancers is INCORRECTLY matched with its characteristic?

Basal cell cancer rarely metastasizes.

Division of the cytoplasm occurs during __________.

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

In the process of producing recombinant DNA using human DNA, __________ is used to connect human and plasmid DNA together.

DNA ligase

In DNA sequencing, the enzyme __________ facilitates the addition of nucleotides one by one to a growing DNA strand.

DNA polymerase

Which phase of the cell cycle is INCORRECTLY described?

G1 is a time of active cell growth.

Inheriting a mutated proto-oncogene from one or both of your parents means that __________.

Multiple mutations are required for cancer to develop; inheriting a mutated regulatory gene from your parents gives you an increased risk of developing cancer.

A cell has lost its ability to repair DNA errors that occur during DNA replication. What gene has probably been mutated?

Mutator genes function during DNA replication to aid the process of DNA repair.

Alterations in chromosomal structure or number that occur during mitosis or meiosis are seldom seen because __________.

Organisms that experience alterations in chromosome structure or number often do not survive.

Which of the following is NOT released from the ovary with the secondary oocyte?

The corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle after release of the oocyte.

Which of the following events occurs in the third trimester of development?

The fetus begins eliminating urine into the amniotic fluid.

Which amino acid sequence is specified by the mRNA base sequence GAAUGCCCGCAC?

The process of translation begins with the start codon--AUG--and produces the sequence met-pro-ala.

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variability during sexual reproduction?

This is not a source of genetic variability during sexual reproduction.

The placenta __________.

allows for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and antibodies between maternal and embryonic circulations

Transgenic __________ are used to produce large quantities of human insulin, human growth hormone, and erythropoietin.

bacteria

An infant born with the genotype XYY will __________.

be phenotypically male, often tall, and usually of normal intelligence

At __________, the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems function independently for the first time.

birth

If the pathway from the uterus to the oviduct is blocked, __________.

fertilization cannot occur

Fertilization is most likely to occur if intercourse occurs during a time period __________.

from 2 days before ovulation to 1 day after ovulation

The insertion of human genes into human cells to treat or correct disease is best described as __________.

gene therapy

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

heating to separate double-stranded DNA; cooling to allow primers to attach; elongation of DNA strand as nucleotides are added

Proto-oncogenes are __________.

normal regulatory genes that promote cell division

Which of the following is the same in an in situ tumor and a malignant tumor?

Both in situ tumors and malignant tumors have an increased rate of cell division.