Chapter Two practice quiz

What is the process whereby the structure and the function of brain cells change in the response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

Neuroplasticity

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as...... The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp.

Noninvasive stimulation technique.

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What division of the peripheral nervous is currently in action?

Parasympathetic

The ability to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and body position is due to the functions of the _____ lobe.

Parietal

Robert has a difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?

Pineal

Which gland is known to influence all other glands within that endocrine system?

Pituitary gland

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?

Reticular formation

Although the brain works largely as a whole, what is not a correct pairing of the hemisphere and function?

Right; control of the right handed motor functions

What would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

Sympathetic division

Neurotransmitter must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the?

Synaptic Gap

Which part of the brain tends to process information globally?

The right hemisphere is the part of the brain that tends to process information globally

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

The thalamus

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain?

Afferent neurons

The venom of a black widow spider act(s) like (Blank) by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

Agonist

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphin, inhibiting pain signals and creating a "high" feeling. Heroin is an example of a (n): Heroin mimics the actions of endorphin, inhibiting pain signals and creating a "high" feeling.

Agonist.

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

Amygdala

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

Axon

Alexis and Theresa are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Alexis and Theresa rely most upon?

Cerebellum

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?

Cortex

In the structure of the neuron, the _______ receives messages from other cells.

Dendrite

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

Endorphin

What is a technique that analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?

FMRI

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the ______ and positively charged on the ______.

Inside, Outside

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the ______ area of his brain. Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since.

Left Frontal

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _____ pathway of the _______ nervous system.

Motor, Somatic

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as...

Myelin

The _____ insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps to speed along electrical impulses.

Myelin sheath

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of memories and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease?

The hippocampus

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call?

The reflex arc

Which brain structure allows us to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

The reticular formation

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's ______ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

Thyroid Gland

Jessica has suffered a severe blow to the back of the head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

Vision

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunch box and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the aphasia disorders?

Wernicke's aphasia

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?"

Wernicke's aphasia.

If your roommate has a problem paying attention, it may be due to damage to this part of the limbic system...

cingulate cortex

Which neurotransmitter stimulates muscle cells to contract but slows contractions in the heart?

Acetylcholine

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the _____ nervous system.

Autonomic

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is (Blank) Charged on the inside?

Negatively

In which of the following lobes of the cortex can you find the primary visual cortex?

Occipital

Which technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose?

PET

Your psychology professor refers to this as the great relay station of the brain. What part are they referring to?

The thalamus