Chapter2
How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? 12 11 10 9 8
10
How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids? 12^20 20^12 20 240 4^12
20^12
Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA? A) 5'-ATGC-3' with 5'-GCAT-3' B) 5'-AGCT-3' with 5'-TCGA-3' C) 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' D) 5'-GCGC-3' with 5'-TATA-3' E) All of these pairs are correct.
5'-ATGC-3' with 5'-GCAT-3'
Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? 101 100 99 98 97
99
Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? A) cellulose B) DNA C) a contractile protein D) an enzyme E) a steroid
A steroid
Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides? A) diabetes mellitus only B) Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only C) Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus D) Parkinson's only E) Alzheimer's only
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only
Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides? a)Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only b)diabetes mellitus only c)Alzheimer's only d)Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus e)Parkinson's only
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H1206. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? A) C18 H32 016 B) C18 H10 O15 C) C18 H36 018 D)C3 H6 O3 E) C6 H10 O5
C18 H32 016
Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? A) glycogen B) starch C) chitin D) cellulose E) amylopectin
Chitin
Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. Among these biological polymers, which has the least structural variety? proteins DNA polysaccharides RNA
DNA
How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution? a)Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars. b)DNA duplexes will unwind and separate. c)Proteins will unfold (denature). d)DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denature). e)Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids
DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denature).
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. B) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. C) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. D) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers. E) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
A molecule with the formula C18 H36 O2 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) nucleic acid. C) protein. D) hydrocarbon. E) fatty acid.
Fatty Acid
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the "a" form. Which of the following could amylase break down? A) chitin B) glycogen and chitin only C) cellulose D) glycogen E) glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
Glycogen
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because A) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the a glycosidic linkages of starch but not the glycosidic linkages of cellulose. B) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze theglycosidic linkages of starch but not the a glycosidic linkages of cellulose. D) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. E) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the "a" glycosidic linkages of starch but not the "B" glycosidic linkages of cellulose
Which of the following is true of cellulose? A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major component of plant cell walls. B) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. C) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. D) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.
It is a major structural component of plant cell walls
Which of the following is true of cellulose? a)It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls. b)It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. c)It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. d)It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. e)It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose
It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? a)Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. b)Both serine and leucine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein. c)Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. d)Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. e)Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? a)The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries. b)The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature. c)The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point. d)The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains. e)The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids.
The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature.
DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase? a)The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. b)All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. c)The two strands of the double helix would separate. d)The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. e)The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires A) the addition of a water molecule. B) the release of a water molecule. C) the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. D) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. E) the addition of a nitrogen atom
The release of a water molecule
Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other. C) They can both be digested by humans. D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. E) They are both polymers of glucose
They are both polymers of glucose
Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? a)They are both polymers of glucose. b)They are cis-trans isomers of each other. c)They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. d)They are both used for energy storage in plants. e)They can both be digested by humans.
They are both polymers of glucose.
Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. B) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. C) They contain nitrogen. D) They are made by dehydration reactions. E) They are insoluble in water.
They are insoluable in water
Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids? a)They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. b)They are made by dehydration reactions. c)They contain nitrogen. d)They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. e)They are insoluble in water.
They are insoluble in water.
Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids? A) They are not soluble in water. B) They contribute to atherosclerosis. C) They are hydrophilic compounds. D) They are made of fatty acids. E) They are essential components of cell membranes.
They are not soluable in water
Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids? a)They are hydrophilic compounds. b)They are not soluble in water. c)They are essential components of cell membranes. d)They are made of fatty acids. e)They contribute to atherosclerosis.
They are not soluble in water.
Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids? A) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. B) They are usually produced by plants. C) They are the predominant fatty acid in com oil. D) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. E) They are usually liquid at room temperature.
They are the principal molecules in lard and butter
Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids? a)They are usually produced by plants. b)They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. c)They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. d)They are usually liquid at room temperature. e)They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids.
They are the principal molecules in lard and butter
Which of the following statements conceming saturated fats is not true? A) They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. B) They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. C) They are more common in animals than in plants. D) They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. E) They generally solidify at room temperature.
They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true? a)They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. b)They generally solidify at room temperature. c)They are more common in animals than in plants. d)They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. e)They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains. B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids. C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature. D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point. E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries
They hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar C) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil D) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group E) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group and a pentose sugar
Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? DNA an enzyme a contractile protein a steroid cellulose
a steroid
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? a) C18H32O16 b)C18H10O15 c)C6H10O5 d)C18H36O18 e)C3H6O3
a) C18H32O16
Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures? A) creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids B) adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids C) creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids D) adding hydrogens to the fatty acids E) adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of β hemoglobin and two molecules of α hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits a)altered primary structure. b)altered tertiary structure. c)altered quaternary structure. d)altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered. e)altered secondary structure.
altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered.
Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would a)always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity. b)always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity. c)alter the primary structure of the protein but not its tertiary structure or function. d)cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold. e)always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity
What methods may be used to elucidate the structures of purified proteins? A) X-ray crystallography B) both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy C) NMR spectroscopy D) bioinformatics E) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments
analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they A) are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. B) all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. C) are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. D) are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. E) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? a)as a hexose b)as a disaccharide c)as a monosaccharide d)as a pentose e)as a polysaccharide
as a disaccharide
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one, galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A) as a hexose B) as a monosaccharide C) as a pentose D) as a disaccharide E) as a polysaccharide
as a disaccharide
Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein's threedimensional structure? A) bioinformatics B) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments C) NMR spectroscopy D) high-speed centrifugation E) X-ray crystallography
bioinformatics
If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32P-labeled phosphate, which of these molecules will be labeled? a)phospholipids b)amylose c)nucleic acids d)proteins e)both phospholipids and nucleic acids
both phospholipids and nucleic acids
If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled? a)both proteins and nucleic acids b)fatty acids only c)nucleic acids only d)both fatty acids and proteins e)proteins only
both proteins and nucleic acids
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they a)are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. b)are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. c)are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. d)are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. e)all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks
c)are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
molecule with the chemical formula C6 H12 O6 is probably a A) lipid. B) carbohydrate and monosaccharide only. C) carbohydrate and lipid only. D) monosaccharide E) carbohydrate.
carbohydrate and monosaccharide only
A molecule with the chemical formula is probably a a)carbohydrate. b)monosaccharide c)carbohydrate and monosaccharide only. d)carbohydrate and lipid only. e)lipid.
carbohydrate and monosaccharide only.
Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers? A) carbohydrates B) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers C) nucleic acids D) lipids E) proteins
carbohydrates
Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers? a)nucleic acids b)lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers c)carbohydrates d)lipids e)proteins
carbohydrates
On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer? A) amylopectin B) cellulose C) chitin D) polypeptides E) starch
cellulose
On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer? a)amylopectin b)cellulose c)polypeptides d)chitin e)starch
cellulose
Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? a)glycogen b)chitin c)amylopectin d)cellulose e)starch
chitin
All of the following contain amino acids except A) hemoglobin. B) antibodies. C) insulin. D) cholesterol. E) enzymes.
cholesterol
All of the following contain amino acids except a)insulin. b)cholesterol. c)enzymes. d)hemoglobin. e)antibodies.
cholesterol
The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA a)is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. b)contains one less oxygen atom. c)is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. d)is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar. e)can form a double-stranded molecule
contains one less oxygen atom.
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? A) ribose and deoxyribose B) guanine and adenine C) adenine and thymine D) cytosine and uracil E) thymine and guanine
cytosine and uracil
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? a)Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. b)Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. c)Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. d)Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. e)Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers.
d)Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A) ionic bonding of monomers B) phosphodiester linkages C) hydrolysis D) dehydration reactions E) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers
dehydration reactions
What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? a)dehydration reactions b)hydrolysis c)ionic bonding of monomers d)phosphodiester linkages e)the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers
dehydration reactions
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? A) different structural and optical isomers B) different asymmetric carbons C) different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups D) different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon E) different side chains (R groups) attached to an a carbon
different side chains (R groups) attached to an "a" carbon
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? a)different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon b)different asymmetric carbons c)different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon d)different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups e)different structural and optical isomers
different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon
What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape? a)disulfide bond b)ionic bond c)hydrophobic interaction d)van der Waals interaction e)hydrogen bond
disulfide bond
Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? a)carbonyl groups b)carboxyl groups c)either carbonyl or carboxyl groups d)hydroxyl groups e)either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups
e)either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups
Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? A) hydroxyl groups B) either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups C) carbonyl groups D) either carbonyl or carboxyl groups E) carboxyl groups
either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups
A molecule with the formula is C18H36O2 probably a nucleic acid. hydrocarbon. carbohydrate. fatty acid. protein.
fatty acid
Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions? A) DNA B) protein C) amylase D) disaccharides E) fatty acids
fatty acids
Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions? a)disaccharides b)fatty acids c)protein d)DNA e)amylose
fatty acids
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to: A) transmit genetic information to offspring B) Form the genes of higher organisms C) Act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA D) Function in the synthesis of protiens E) make a copy of itself, thus ensureing genetic continuity
function in the synthesis of proteins
Which of the following is not a polymer? A) chitin B) cellulose C) starch D) glucose E) DNA
glucose
Which of the following is not a polymer? a)starch b)glucose c)chitin d)cellulose e)DNA
glucose
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? A) adenine and thymine B) cytosine and guanine C) uracil and cytosine D) guanine and adenine E) thymine and uracil
guanine and adenine
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because a)the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. b)humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. c)the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. d)humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose. e)humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose
humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an "a" helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by: A) ionic bonds. B) hydrogen bonds. C) peptide bonds. D) covalent bonds. E) polar bonds.
hydrogen bonds
The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an α helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by a)ionic bonds. b)peptide bonds c)hydrogen bonds. d)covalent bonds. e)polar bonds
hydrogen bonds
Which type of interaction stabilizes the a helix and the "B" pleated sheet structures of proteins? A) peptide bonds B) ionic bonds C) disulfide bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) hydrophobic interactions
hydrogen bonds
Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins? a)ionic bonds b)peptide bonds c)hydrophobic interactions d)hydrogen bonds e)disulfide bonds
hydrogen bonds
What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? A) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond B) disulfide bonds C) hydrophobic interactions D) peptide bonds E) hydrogen bonds between the R groups
hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond
What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? a)disulfide bonds b)hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond c)hydrophobic interactions d)hydrogen bonds between the R groups e)peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond
In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine? A) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water B) on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water C) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains D) anywhere in the protein, with equal probability E) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
All of the following are polysaccharides except A) cellulose. B) lactose. C) glycogen. D) chitin. E) amylopectin.
lactose
All of the following are polysaccharides except a)chitin. b)glycogen. c)amylopectin. d)cellulose. e)lactose.
lactose
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds C) disulfide bonds D) phosphodiester bonds E) hydrogen bonds
peptide bonds
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? a)phosphodiester bonds B)hydrogen bonds c)disulfide bonds d)peptide bonds e)peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds
peptide bonds
Use the following information to answer the question below. Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. Professor Jamey Marth at the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified 70 molecules that are used to build cellular macromolecules and structures. These include at least 34 saccharides, 8 nucleosides, and 20 amino acids. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest information-coding capacity? polysaccharides proteins DNA RNA
polysaccharides
Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety? a)proteins b)RNA c)DNA d)polysaccharides
proteins
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following? A) removal of a water molecule B) both removal of a water molecule and formation of a hydrogen bond C) formation of a hydrogen bond D) addition of a water molecule E) formation of a glycosidic bond
removal of a water molecule
Which level of protein structure do the "a" helix and the "B" pleated sheet represent? A) secondary B) primary C) tertiary D) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary E) quaternary
secondary
Which level of protein structure do the α helix and the β pleated sheet represent? a)primary b)secondary c)tertiary d)quaternary e)primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
secondary
What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or assisted by hydrogen bonds? A) secondary structure B) quaternary structure C) primary structure D) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure E) tertiary structure
secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down? a)cellulose b)starch c)chitin d)starch, cellulose, and chitin e)starch and chitin only
starch
At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? a)primary b)secondary c)tertiary d)quaternary e)primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
tertiary
Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis? A) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water B) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water C) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water D) the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water E) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water
the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires a)the release of a water molecule. b)the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. c)the addition of a nitrogen atom. d)the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. e)the addition of a water molecule.
the release of a water molecule.
Humans and mice differ because: A) their cells make different types of lipids. B) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. C) their cells make different types of large biological molecules. D) their cells make different types of proteins. E) their cells have different small organic molecules
their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids.
Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds? A) triacylglycerides and proteins only B) triacylglycerides C) triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins D) polysaccharides E) proteins
triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins
Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds? a)triacylglycerides b)polysaccharides c)triacylglycerides and proteins only d)proteins e)triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins
triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins
Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing? a)deoxyribonucleotide/DNA b)monosaccharide/polysaccharide c)ribonucleotide/RNA d)triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer e)amino acid/protein
triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer
The tertiary structure of a protein is the: A) Organization of a polypeptide chain into a "A" helix or "B" pleated sheet B) Overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits C) Bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds D) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide E) Order in which amino acids are joined in polypeptic chain
unique three-dimensional shape of fully folded polypeptide
The tertiary structure of a protein is the a)order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. b)overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. c)bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. d)organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. e)unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide
