Chapters 1-4 Leadership & Management Pretest

In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as ______.

A relational concern for both leaders and followers

Which of the following is considered a strength of the behavioral approach?

A wide range of research on leadership behaviors validates the approach and gives it credibility.

Conceptual skills are the ______.

Ability to work with ideas

Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are ______.

Affective and cognitive

Which Big Five personality factor is only weakly associated with leadership?

Agreeableness

Most leadership training and development programs are designed to ______.

Allow leaders to assess their task and relationship behaviors

Which of the following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership?

An artistic process

The group thinks that Dawn is influential even though Dawn has no formal position of authority. Dawn can be described as ______

An emergent leader

The origins of the study of leadership can be traced back to _____

Ancient Greeks

Jamal and his co-workers are struggling to learn a new software program at work, and he is on a tight deadline to get a report to a major client when his boss decides to step in. Which of the following uses of power by your boss would run counter to the common goals at work?

Announcing that anyone who is not proficient by Friday will be replaced

A process view of leadership means that ______

Anyone can learn leadership and emerge as a leader

A process view of leadership means that ______.

Anyone can learn leadership and emerge as a leader

Leadership and management ______.

Are both needed in organizations

Which of the following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership?

Artistic process

The dean of the college appointed you to chair the student advisory committee. In this case, you are an ______.

Assigned leader

Which leadership style on Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid has low concern for people and high concern for production?

Authority-compliance

Your supervisor is fairly demanding and oftentimes overpowers your and other employees' decisions with little to no communication. According to the Leadership Grid, this is an example of which leadership style?

Authority-compliance

Blake & Mouton indicated that opportunistic leaders have a dominant grid style that they typically use and a(n) ______ style that they use under pressure.

Back-up

Grid seminars are training and development programs that make use of the behavioral approach. These seminars are done through the use of ______ findings.

Blake and Mouton's

By comparing Stogdill's findings from his 1948 survey with the findings of his updated 1974 survey, which of the following was suggested?

Both personality and situational factors were predictors of leadership

By comparing Stogdill's findings from his 1948 survey with the findings of his updated 1974 survey, which of the following was suggested?

Both personality and situational factors were predictors of leadership.

A student is most likely to become an emergent leader in a group project by ______

Communicating and listening well with group members

Which act would likely be difficult for someone who lacks sociability?

Communication

According to Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid, ______ refers to a leader's interest in achieving organizational tasks.

Concern for production

The structure of the skills approach is ______.

Consistent with leadership education programs

Shankman and Allen's (2015) practice-oriented model of emotionally intelligent leadership suggests that leaders must be aware of what?

Context, self, and others

Your boss seems eager to please and tends to listen to employees' personal problems. She also works hard to create a positive work environment by being agreeable and eager to help, while remaining less concerned with productivity. According to the Leadership Grid, this is an example of which leadership style?

Country-Club management

Information power is ______.

Derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need

Which leadership trait is associated with having grit?

Determination

The two leadership outcomes outlined in the skills model are ______.

Effective problem solving and performance

Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______.

Empathy

Research from the University of Michigan studies identified which two types of leadership behaviors?

Employee and production orientation

Ellis & Fisher associate all of the following positive communication behaviors with emergent leadership, EXCEPT ______.

Establishing roles

Political, economic, and social issues that shape how leaders do their jobs are considered which type of environmental influence?

External

A common criticism of the behavioral approach is that it ______.

Fails to link task and relationships behaviors to leader outcomes.

According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly.

False

According to the Leadership Grid, opportunistic leaders primarily rely on the 5,5 style of leadership.

False

Career experience has little influence on a leader's competencies.

False

Creating a timeline for subordinates to follow is a relationship leader behavior.

False

Emotional Intelligence is considered mainstream in leadership research.

False

Followers are responsible for keeping a relationship with leaders.

False

Mumford et al.'s skills model assumes that individuals have inherent traits that make them more or less suitable for leadership.

False

Researchers from the University of Michigan studies discovered a universal theory of leadership that explains leadership effectiveness in every situation.

False

Sacket and Walmsley (2014) found that extraversion was the Big Five trait most frequently assessed in job interviews.

False

Someone who demonstrates openness is considered honest and trustworthy.

False

Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up the managerial hierarchy.

False

The view that leadership is a behavior predates the view that leadership is a trait.

False

The approach known as servant leadership ______.

Focuses on followers needs

Which of the following attributes begins to decline in later adulthood?

General cognitive ability

Relationship behaviors ______.

Help group members feel comfortable with one another

Trait assessment instruments can be used on a personal level to ______.

Help people understand how an organization sees them

One strength of the trait approach is that it ______.

Helps followers fulfill their need to see their leaders as gifted and special

The behavioral approach can help leaders ask which important question?

How am I doing as a leader?

The basic premise of the skills approach is to ______.

Identify the abilities of leaders

If you are a leader who isn't interested in interacting with your staff, and you are unconcerned with your team's performance, then according to the Leadership Grid, you are most likely using which style of leadership?

Impoverished management

Mumford's skill-based model includes which of these main components?

Individual attributes

Coercive leadership is not considered ideal leadership as defined in this text because ______.

Influence in leadership includes followers and leaders working toward a common goal

To coerce means to ______.

Influence others to do something against their will

Jeffrey is the chief financial officer of an established marketing firm. He recently learned that the company is going to try to merge with a new firm. He shares this potential merger with only a few of his mid-level managers he trusts. Jeffrey has ______.

Information and legitimate power

Applying the trait approach to 21st century leadership ______

Informs us that leader's traits are a part of leadership process

Applying the trait approach to 21st century leadership ______.

Informs us that leader's traits are a part of leadership process

Responses from the LBDQ suggest that leaders generally display which two types of leader behaviors?

Initiating structure and consideration

The breadth of the skills approach, which includes motivation, critical thinking, and personality, ______.

Is considered a weakness of this approach

A supervisory-level manager of a company who applies the level of technical skills to the degrees delineated in Katz's model ______.

Is more "hands-on" with producing the company's product than interacting with staff

One key to emerging as a leader ______

Is to be perceived by others as likable and knowledgeable

Mumford et al.'s skills-based model differs from the "great man" approach in what way?

It assumes that anyone willing to learn can develop leadership skills.

Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for practitioners and researchers because ______.

It is a highly valued phenomenon that is very complex

Despite investing billions of dollars in leadership training using a skills approach, what critique has been launched at the skills model?

Its effectiveness has not been fully substantiated or proven.

Which is a major criticism of the trait approach?

Its lack of a definitive list of leadership traits

Who developed the three-skill model of leadership?

Katz

Whose 1955 research article on administrative skills served as the impetus for research on leadership skills rather than traits?

Katz

The problem-solving competency in the skills model is most similar to ______.

Katz's conceptual skill

Which person is demonstrating social intelligence?

Kevin is careful not to joke around too much when meeting a new client.

Which skills model competency consists of creating a schema for learning and organizing data?

Knowledge

Erdem has a genius-level IQ and was therefore selected to participate in a leadership development program at work. However, after he is promoted, it becomes apparent that his team is struggling because his ideas are too complicated. The most likely reason for this issue is that Erdem ______.

Lacks communication skills

What does the acronym LBDQ stand for?

Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire

Differences between management and leadership include ______.

Leaders are emotionally involved, whereas managers have low emotional involvement

Which of the following is most accurate about leaders and followers?

Leaders have an ethical responsibility to followers

The process definition of leadership implies ______.

Leadership is reciprocal between leaders and followers

What does the skills approach assume about leadership?

Leadership skills can be learned and developed.

A person with strong human skills would be best suited to do which of the following?

Listen empathically to understand the needs of others

According to Katz's skills model, technical skills are most important for which level of management?

Lower & middle

Arvid works at a new smoothie shop that has not yet made a profit. The boss tells Arvid and the other workers that whoever sells more than 30 smoothies during their daily shift will earn a bonus. Arvid's boss is primarily using what type of function?

Management by developing an incentive program to solve a problem

The skills approach works by providing a ______ that shows how a person can become an effective leader.

Map

Which leadership style on Blake & Mouton's Leadership Grid has moderate concern for people and production?

Middle-of-the-road management

Kotter suggested that management produces ______ and ______.

Order & consistency

A leader's ability to transfer training skills to the job can potentially be hindered by ______.

Organizational culture or organizational situations

Which leadership style, according to Blake and Mouton, includes rewards and approval for people in return for their loyalty and obedience?

Paternalism/maternalism

A leader who is liked because they know what they are doing and share knowledge with followers displays ______.

Personal power

You really enjoy working for your boss and look up to her or him as a role model. You are more than willing to work hard for the organization because of your relationship with your boss. This is an example of ______.

Personal power

Which of the following problem-solving skills can best be described as the ability to define noteworthy issues or significant problems affecting the organization?

Problem definition

Leadership is a phenomenon that takes place in the context of the interaction between leaders and followers. This viewpoint suggests leadership is accessible by all.

Process

The four key elements of the definition of leadership used in the text are ______.

Process, influence, group, goal

Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is ______.

Reward

At work, you are on a team of people searching for a new CEO. Everyone agrees the new CEO needs to have excellent leadership skills, so your team starts writing the job description. Which phrase would you use in the job description to reflect your search for a leader?

Searching for a change agent and creative thinker

Goleman and Boyatzis (2017) defined four broad aspects of emotional intelligence. Which is one of those aspects?

Self-awareness

Which of the following is a planning and budgeting management function?

Setting Timetables

______ is one of the five major leadership traits that focuses on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships.

Sociability

Being socially aware, possessing social acumen, practicing self-monitoring, and having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation, then following through with said decision are all part of Zaccaro's definition of ______.

Social intelligence

How would you describe a task-focused leader?

Someone who is interested in organizing work and taking action

"To be successful, you should exploit what you are good at. That is, do what you can naturally do well." This statement describes the idea behind ______.

Strengths leadership

Perry manages a team at a large company. He excels at understanding problems and identifying technological solutions but is less adept at troubleshooting bugs. Therefore, when troubleshooting is needed, Perry has another member of his team who excels at troubleshooting do this work. This scenario best demonstrates which concept?

Strengths leadership

The behavioral approach emphasizes which two types of leader behaviors?

Task & relationship

According to the behavioral approach, managers are continually engaged in which types of leader behaviors?

Task and relationship

According to the Leadership Grid, a leader who stimulates participation and thrives on getting employees involved and committed to their work is displaying which leadership style?

Team management

Claudia is a line-supervisor at a bagel factory. Applying Katz's skills model, what skills does Claudia need to be an effective leader?

Technical and human skills

Based on the skills approach, how would you define leadership skills?

The knowledge and competencies necessary to accomplish goals

Collectively, among all the research on the behavioral approach, what is one consistent finding?

There was no universal style determined to be best

Your parents and older siblings are all successful elected officials. After graduation, it is suggested by many that you should seek office and, in turn, they offer you their support. Which best describes the leadership approach being demonstrated by your supporters?

Trait perspective

The individual attributes factor in the skills model suggests that ______.

Traits used to cope with complexities are related to leader performance

A criticism of the behavioral approach is that research has not adequately shown how leaders' behaviors are associated with performance outcomes.

True

A leader's ability to understand a problem from another person's view is a key competency known as perspective taking.

True

According to the skills model, effective leaders should be able to define problems, forecast challenges, and help followers act on problems.

True

Benchmarking what to look for if you want to be a leader is about ______.

True

In the Leadership Grid, a 9 on a 9-point scale represents maximum concern.

True

Leaders who use coercion are mostly interested in their own goals, rather than those of subordinates.

True

Leadership is a relationship dynamic between two individuals, rather than a judgment of one person's value to an organization.

True

More research has been conducted on the trait approach than any other approach.

True

More than 60 different leadership classification systems have been developed.

True

Stogdill's later studies argued that personality and situational factors were both determinants of leadership.

True

The behavioral approach is used in many training and development programs.

True

The most widely used instrument to assess leader behaviors today is the LBDQ-XII.

True

The skills model has been criticized for being too general and less precise in its ability to explain leadership performance.

True

The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits.

True

Within an organization, the trait approach can be applied to all levels of the organization.

True

Intelligence as a leadership trait is associated with ______

Verbal ability

Intelligence as a leadership trait is associated with ______.

Verbal ability

Paternalism/maternalism refers to a leader who is ______.

a benevolent dictator