Chapters 12 (Social)

What is dissociative identity disorder?

2+ distinct identities or personalities (multiple personality disorder)

What percentage of participants when to 450 volts in Milgram's original experiment design?

65%

Which of the follow straights would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

Avoiding the development of any contingency plans

which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied?

Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied

what is a DSM-5?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. it includes many categories of disorders.

what is somatic delusion?

False fixed belief about a body part (e.g., that one's kidneys are being eaten by cockroaches)

Rodger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. but when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ____

Fatuous

what is Mania?

Mania is a state of extreme elation and agitation. When people experience mania, they may become extremely talkative, behave recklessly, or attempt to take on many tasks simultaneously.

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

Social loafing

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

In the Aronson & Mills (1959) study, which group most liked their boring group discussion of sexual behavior?

The group with a difficult initiation

In a study by Adams, Wright, and Lohr, Participants who were homophobic did which of the following when watching a video of two males engaged in sexual interaction?

They became sexually aroused

Assuming a person in your class who is quite and doesn't talk much is an introvert or shy is an example of:

a situational attribution

What are anxiety disorders and how common are they?

anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety. they are common, 25-30% of the U.S population has them

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

assuming someone is not going to leave a good tip at a restaurant and the unconsciously treating them differently. (not smiling as much) leads them to give a small tip.

what is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

Suppose you are walking down a street. A women has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ______

diffusion of responsibility

what is persistent depressive disorder?

experience depressed moods everyday for 2 years, as well as 2 other symptoms of depressive disorder.

What is agoraphobia?

extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places.

T/F: Couples who are opposites often form long lasting relationships due to their differences balancing out?

false

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door

what are obsessive-compulsive disorders?

generally involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Many of us experience unwanted thoughts from time to time. extensive hand washing, cleaning, checking (e.g., that a door is locked), and ordering (e.g., lining up all the pencils in a particular way)

what do people with schizophrenia think they hold? ( a term)

grandiose delusion, a belief that they hold special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

Kelly is a part of group discussion about gun control. Some participants make good arguments for gun control, while other people make good arguments against gun control. She is strongly in favor of gun control at the start of the discussion and after it she believes even more strongly in gun control. What explains this outcome?

group polarization

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task.

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in- group bias

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

informational

what is the ICD?

international classification of diseases. used to examine the general health of populations

What is a psychological disorder?

is a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Believing an assault victim should not have been out late drinking is partly due to which of the following:

just-world-hypothesis

Which of the following is an example of self-serving bias?

leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an expectionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. he blames the poor grade he recieved in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

what group has high rates of suicide?

males are 4 times higher to commit suicide

What is hopeless theory?

negative thinking can lead you to feel hopelessness, which ends up making you depressed.

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative influence

What does atypical mean?

not normal. if you feel extremely depressed, those feelings are atypical

what area of the brain is associated with OCD?

orbitofrontal

what is panic disorder? what percent of people experience an isolated panic attack?

people that experience recurrent and unexpected panic attacks. 23% of Americans experience this.

what is dissociative amnesia? if they have this what else might they experience?

selective memory loss brought on by extreme stress. Some individuals with dissociative amnesia will also experience dissociative fugue, whereby they suddenly wander away from their home, experience confusion about their identity, and sometimes even adopt a new identity.

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.

social exchange

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is the diathesis-stress model?

suggests that a person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led to her to be aggressive toward her mother

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

Frustration aggression

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

Fundamental attribution error

what is antisocial personality disorder?

people with these disorders usually are impulsive, overly dramatic, highly emotional, and erratic

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain"

the word "hostile" should be changed to the word "instrumental"

what is the role of dopamine in schizophrenia? what do people with this disorder display less of?

too many dopamine receptors are responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia. many people with schizophrenia display a reduction in gray matter.

Central route processing is utilized more when...

when the topic is perceived as very relevant to the audience