Chapters 19-24

All of these are mechanisms for transmission of oral herpes EXCEPT __________.

Foodborne transmission

What part of the United States is endemic for RMSF?

The Appalachian region (North Carolina, Kentucky)

Warts may disappear over time without treatment. This is due to __________.

The body's cell-mediated immunity

Pinkeye is inflammation of the __________.

Conjunctiva

The Texas Department of Health has isolated Yersinia pestis from wood rats and prairie dogs in West Texas and the Texas panhandle. In addition to the fever, chills, and severe headache, this patient has developed hemorrhages under the skin. What disease is this camper likely to have?

Bubonic plaque

The suppression of apoptosis on account of infection with EBV may lead to the development of which disease in patients with suppressed immune systems?

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Which nucleic acid is part of the varicella-zoster virion?

DSDNA

What term is associated with warts found on face?

Flat warts

Papillomas are typically spread through direct contact infected humans or __________.

Fomites

How will the prescribed penicillin kill S. pyogenes that is causing Shelly's infection?

Penicillin will interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis, ultimately weakening the cell wall and leading to cellular lysis.

The vaccine for the most common sexually transmitted papilloma viruses is recommended for girls because __________.

It may prevent cervical cancer.

What disease does Paul suspect Ron might have contracted?

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

The girlfriend is not showing the same symptoms as her boyfriend but a reduced set of symptoms; which of the following would not be a good explanation for this?

She is lacking an immune system.

A famous actress comes to the clinic for an injection of Botox (a very small amount of purified type A botulism toxin). Which of the following could be a complication of this treatment?

Flaccid paralysis of muscles near the injection site

Which of the following is an amplifying host of Yersinia pestis?

Rabbit

What type of pathogen causes papillomas?

Viruses

Is Grandfather Davis contagious?

Yes. The twins would probably develop chicken pox two weeks after their visit with Grandfather Davis.

How is this disease transmitted?

This disease is most commonly transmitted by unprotected sex.

What are swollen, painful lymph nodes called?

Buboes

What is the recommended schedule for the first chicken pox vaccine in infants?

12 months

Many strains of HPV are _____ and can integrate into human chromosomes.

Latent

Apply your knowledge of bacterial pathogenesis and the symptoms of RMSF to predict the order of events that occur during RMSF.

1-Tick bite 2-Travels through blood and lymph vessels 3-Invades endothelial cells of blood vessels 4-Vascular permeability 5-Symptoms develop

Rickettsia rickettsii is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen. Which of the following statements about the R. rickettsii life cycle is FALSE?

After entering a host, R. rickettsii multiplies to levels high enough to successfully invade cells and establish an infection.

What is the best treatment regime for people suffering from infectious mononucleosis?

Alleviate the symptoms and allow the patient's immune system to clear the virus-infected cells.

What type of vaccine would be used to vaccinate the twins?

Attenuated virus vaccine

If endocarditis impaired the function of the heart valves, the result could be __________.

Back-flow of blood during the cardiac cycle

Which of the following is NOT caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus?

Cat scratch disease

Why did the man's sexual partners believe they were not infected with a STD?

Clinical signs and symptoms in females are often not detectable, especially early in the infection.

Which bacterium would be most likely to produce a molecule that could be modified to create a drug for treatment of muscle spasms (uncontrolled contractions)?

Clostridium botulinum

A patient presents with these signs: a wounded finger that has turned black, crackly sound under the skin, and foul-smelling bubbly drainage in the area of the wound. What disease does this indicate?

Gas gangrene

What is the recommended medication for treatment of this disease?

Gentamicin

A college student visits his physician, complaining of painful urination and a pus-filled discharge from his penis. Examination of that discharge reveals Gram-negative diplococci. What is the likely diagnosis?

Gonorrhea

What disease does this patient have? What is the common name for this disease?

Gonorrhea; "the clap"

An indirect immunofluorescence assay is described as the CDC "gold standard serological test" for RMSF. Keeping in mind the principles behind indirect fluorescent-antibody (indirect FA) testing, which of the following characteristics contributes to its choice as the gold standard?

Indirect FA is rapid, sensitive, and specific. Indirect FA is more sensitive than direct immunofluorescent testing. Indirect FA will detect R. rickettsii-specific antibodies present in the patient's serum. Indirect FA uses an antibody that reacts with any human antibody.

Which disease and causative agent pair would be responsible for these symptoms?

Infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Which of the following would you expect to increase the likelihood of cystitis?

Insertion of a urinary catheter

A laboratory technologist is examining a stained slide of a patient's respiratory secretions. He observes acid-fast bacilli among the human cells. Which of these diseases might be indicated by this result?

Leprosy

A hunter tells his doctor that he's been feeling fatigue, headaches, and dizziness for the past two weeks. Upon examination, the doctor notices the man has a red rash on his leg that has a red center surrounded by rings of lighter red. Which disease does the doctor suspect?

Lyme disease

Which of the following is most frequently caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococci)?

Necrotizing fasciitis

The symptoms that Shelly is experiencing result from the interactions between Streptococus pyogenes (a prokaryote) and the cells (eukaryotes) within Shelly's body. Although there are similarities between these two types of cells, there are also important differences.

Prokaryote- capsule Eukaryote- rough ER, nucleus, golgi complex, mitochondria Both- PM, flagella, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Analysis of the second swab has confirmed that the causative organism is Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive organism. Imagine that you are the technician looking at the Gram stain from Shelly's culture. What would you expect to see as you look through the microscope?

Purple, spherical-shaped organisms arranged in chainlike formations

Which of the following is a characteristic of biological transmission from Dermacentor to a human host?

R. rickettsii is transmitted to the human host during a bite, when tick saliva enters the wound.

Which of the following is a reservoir for the natural endemic cycle of Yersinia pestis?

Rat

Which of the following is NOT one of the five most common causes of bacterial meningitis?

Streptococcus pyogenes

A 28-year-old male who is about to be married has been diagnosed with genital herpes. To avoid complications from the disease and to avoid transmitting the disease to his spouse, his doctor should recommend all of these EXCEPT __________.

Taking penicillin daily for the next year

How is this disease transmitted?

The exchange of saliva while sharing a straw, a drinking glass, or while coughing or sneezing

What effect will the penicillin have on Shelly's cells?

The penicillin will not have any impact on Shelly's cells because it targets peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacteria.

Which virus is responsible for Grandfather Davis's shingles?

Varicella-zoster virus

The IV regimen administered by Ron's doctors is consistent with the CDC's recommendation that doxycycline be administered when RMSF is suspected. Apply your knowledge of RMSF to choose the most likely reasons behind this recommendation.

Without prompt treatment, RMSF can have a mortality rate as high as 20%. A delay in treatment can lead to complications that include respiratory, cardiac, and renal failure. Most tests that can definitively identify R. rickettsii are not very effective early in infection. The symptoms of RMSF are similar to those of several other infections, making definitive diagnosis difficult.