Chapters 23-29
The Supreme Court decision in Bakke v. University of California represented what? -A victory and a defeat for opponents of affirmative action -A victory for conservative opposition to affirmative action -A victory for proponents of affirmative action -A victory for women's rights activists
A victory and a defeat for opponents of affirmative action
Which change came as a result of Lyndon Johnson's social welfare programs? A) A significant reduction in the black poverty rate B) Easier retirement for the elderly because of the adoption of Social Security C) An increase in the number of poor Americans in the United States D) Increases in the costs of Truman's Medicare and Medicaid programs
A) A significant reduction in the black poverty rate
Which statement describes the national Democratic Party after its presidential nominating convention in the summer of 1968? A) Democrats lost parts of the traditional New Deal coalition. B) The party gained new constituencies among the silent majority. C) The party took a strong antiwar position. D) Democrats united quickly behind nominee Hubert Humphrey.
A) Democrats lost parts of the traditional New Deal coalition.
Which statement describes the development of the gay liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s? A) Gay liberation grew quickly after Stonewall but made slow progress. B) The Stonewall riots spurred a gay and lesbian movement that was small and subdued. C) Gay liberation groups emerged after Stonewall, but most remained insignificant. D) The Stonewall riots created a wave of sympathy for gay liberation and the movement made dramatic changes in a short time.
A) Gay liberation grew quickly after Stonewall but made slow progress.
What hot-button issue(s) raised by Alabama governor George C. Wallace in the 1968 presidential campaign became hallmarks of mainstream conservatism? A) Liberal elitism, welfare policies, and law and order B) Illegal immigration and urban educational reform C) The dangers posed by gay rights and gay marriage D) Clean air measures and environmental reform
A) Liberal elitism, welfare policies, and law and order
Who was the unpopular leader of South Vietnam overthrown by a U.S.-sanctioned military coup in 1963? A) Ngo Dinh Diem B) Ho Chi Minh C) Jiang Jieshi D) Le Duc Tho
A) Ngo Dinh Diem
What was a result of the escalation of the war of Vietnam in 1965? A) Public opinion turning against the war B) A newly stabilized South Vietnam C) The intensification of bombing against North Vietnam but no additional troop deployments D) Congress renouncing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
A) Public opinion turning against the war
What occurred in the immediate aftermath of Martin Luther King's assassination on April 4, 1968? A) Rioting in the streets of more than one hundred cities B) President Lyndon Johnson's declaration creating Martin Luther King Jr. Day C) A national day of mourning in which government offices and businesses were closed D) Rioting among African American soldiers fighting in Vietnam
A) Rioting in the streets of more than one hundred cities
Why did student protests begin to surge in the United States in 1967? A) The Selective Service System abolished automatic draft deferments for students. B) News of the My Lai massacre revealed the extent of American atrocities in Vietnam. C) The cost of the war began to affect higher education in America. D) Economic troubles resulting from the war began to restrict job opportunities for young graduates.
A) The Selective Service System abolished automatic draft deferments for students.
How did black and Chicana women activists respond to the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s? A) They embraced the need for women's rights within their own groups and movements. B) They joined it initially, but became disillusioned by its focus on middle-class issues. C) They resisted the notion that women's struggles were different from men's struggles. D) They rejected feminism as a trivial distraction from the larger issues at hand.
A) They embraced the need for women's rights within their own groups and movements.
Which statement describes the Greensboro sit-ins of the early 1960s?
African American college students led the sit-ins.
Why had the U.S. steel industry failed to replace outdated plants and equipment in the postwar years? -In the postwar economic boom, no new equipment was available. -American steel producers enjoyed a world market without serious competition. -American steel producers had struggled to remain afloat and could not have afforded new equipment. -Steel was an old industry with little technological change.
American steel producers enjoyed a world market without serious competition.
The creation of the Natural Resources Council in 1942 reflected which trend? -A new trend toward preservationism -The new conservationist ethos of the 1940s -The growing wilderness movement of the war years -Anxiety about overpopulation
Anxiety about overpopulation
What was one result of the massive bombing of North Vietnam? A) The destruction of North Vietnamese agriculture B) An intensification of the North Vietnamese will to fight C) The destruction of Vietcong morale D) The destruction of North Vietnamese industry
B) An intensification of the North Vietnamese will to fight
What made Vietnam more burdensome of a problem for Lyndon B. Johnson to inherit than for John F. Kennedy to inherit? A) By 1964, both China and the Soviet Union were aiding the North Vietnamese. B) By 1964, South Vietnam was so unstable that it required massive American intervention. C) By 1964, major American defeats in Vietnam necessitated substantive enforcements. D) By 1964, the antiwar movement had become so vocal that escalation was no longer possible.
B) By 1964, South Vietnam was so unstable that it required massive American intervention.
To which group did Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique (1963) most appeal? A) African American women B) College-educated, middle-class women C) Labor feminists D) Women committed to environmentalism
B) College-educated, middle-class women
Feminist activism and organizing in the late 1960s and early 1970s brought about which of the following changes in American society? A) State and local governments began to fund quality child care centers. B) Dozens of formerly all-male colleges and universities began to admit female undergraduates. C) Congress enacted legislation to prohibit wage disparities between men and women. D) The Equal Rights Amendment, which prohibited sex discrimination, was ratified.
B) Dozens of formerly all-male colleges and universities began to admit female undergraduates.
How does Lyndon Johnson compare to John F. Kennedy as president? A) He faced much more challenging political opposition. B) He was more successful in implementing his social reforms. C) He resisted civil rights legislation even more. D) He proved as charismatic in style if not youthful in image.
B) He was more successful in implementing his social reforms.
Which of the following contributed to the powerful mystique that followed the presidency of John F. Kennedy? A) His wartime injuries B) His assassination C) His bold push for civil rights D) His adultery
B) His assassination
What spurred women in the New Left, antiwar, and civil rights movements to begin to organize around the issue of women's liberation? A) The desire to establish the right to an abortion B) Their treatment by male leaders of those movements C) The difficulty new female college graduates had in getting high-paying jobs D) Learning about abolitionist women who began to push for woman's rights in the 1840s
B) Their treatment by male leaders of those movements
Why did 1960s groups like the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) call themselves "the New Left"? A) They joined calls for revolutionary social change with support for the Vietnam War. B) They rejected the political solutions of earlier radicals. C) They were more radical than earlier left-wing groups. D) They embraced the nineteenth-century anarchist movement.
B) They rejected the political solutions of earlier radicals.
Why did Lyndon Johnson support civil rights after Kennedy's assassination? A) He was pressured by the Black Panther Party. B)He wanted to make a mark on history and prove he was a president of the people. C) He thought it would help his effort in Vietnam. D) His wife was committed to the cause.
B)He wanted to make a mark on history and prove he was a president of the people.
Who was responsible for the assassination of Malcolm X in New York City in February of 1965?
Black Muslims
Mexican Americans created which group in 1969 to serve as their version of the Black Panther Party?
Brown Berets
Why did journalists begin to write about a credibility gap in 1965? A) More news about the CIA support for the assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem came to light. B) President Johnson and his Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara repeatedly contradicted each other. C) Actions of American combat troops raised doubts about the popularity of American involvement among the South Vietnamese. D) More Americans began to doubt the Communist fanaticism that allegedly drove the North
C) Actions of American combat troops raised doubts about the popularity of American involvement among the South Vietnamese.
Which action was part of the policy of President John F. Kennedy toward the crisis in Vietnam? A) Seeking a negotiated settlement of the conflict with North Vietnam B) Sending large numbers of American combat troops to fight guerrillas in South Vietnam C) Approving a military coup to remove Ngo Dinh Diem from power in South Vietnam D) Providing massive economic aid, which succeeded in stabilizing the Diem government
C) Approving a military coup to remove Ngo Dinh Diem from power in South Vietnam
How did President Lyndon Johnson react to the Tet offensive and divisions in the Democratic Party in 1968? A) By calling for an escalation in the bombing of North Vietnam B) By withdrawing U.S. combat troops from Vietnam C) By deciding not to seek a second full term as president D) By declaring his refusal to pursue a negotiated peace
C) By deciding not to seek a second full term as president
What was the state of President John F. Kennedy's domestic agenda when he was assassinated? A) He had achieved a civil rights bill but little else. B) He had rivaled Franklin Delano Roosevelt with the flurry of bold new laws. C) Congress had passed little of his proposed legislation. D) His conservative agenda had been approved by a conservative Congress.
C) Congress had passed little of his proposed legislation.
Who was named the Democratic Party's presidential nominee at the national convention in Chicago in the summer of 1968? A) Eugene McCarthy B) George McGovern C) Hubert Humphrey D) Richard Nixon
C) Hubert Humphrey
Which statement describes the historical significance of the election of 1968? A) It demonstrated that third-party candidates do not always have a substantial impact on results. B) It showed that a Republican candidate could still win after the New Deal. C) It demonstrated that Nixon's strategy had fractured the New Deal coalition. D) It showed that most Americans still supported the Vietnam War.
C) It demonstrated that Nixon's strategy had fractured the New Deal coalition.
Which sentence assesses the impact of the Great Society program? A) It benefited the young at the expense of the elderly. B) It focused on social reforms in the effort to end poverty. C) It helped reduce the number of Americans in poverty from 20 percent to 13 percent. D) It ended up limiting the racial diversity of the workplace.
C) It helped reduce the number of Americans in poverty from 20 percent to 13 percent.
What did the Tet offensive of 1968 demonstrate to the American public? A) American military leadership had a firm grasp of the enemy's strategy. B) The North Vietnamese military was rapidly losing strength. C) The Johnson administration was misleading Americans about the progress of the war. D) The army of South Vietnam was able to play a larger part in the war.
C) The Johnson administration was misleading Americans about the progress of the war.
Which statement describes the Immigration Act of 1965? A) It was part of John F. Kennedy's domestic agenda. B) It was a positive byproduct of the civil rights movement. C) The law was a part of Johnson's Great Society. D) It contributed to a decline in segregation in the United States.
C) The law was a part of Johnson's Great Society.
What did Congress formally declare in the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? A) The United States was officially at war with North Vietnam. B) Since North Vietnam had declared war, U.S. forces could retaliate without provocation. C) U.S. forces in Vietnam would repel any North Vietnamese hostilities against them. D) U.S. bombers had the permission of Congress to attack North Vietnam.
C) U.S. forces in Vietnam would repel any North Vietnamese hostilities against them.
Which statement explains the location of the sites of numerous civil rights struggles in the 1950s and 1960s?
Civil rights actions took place in many places because segregation was widespread.
Why did the two parties become more partisan and rigid after the 1970s? -Committee chairs lost power to party leaders in the House and the Senate. -The declining influence of lobbyists made politics more ideological. -They continued to debate responsibility for the Watergate scandal. -The lack of third parties made Republicans and Democrats more hostile.
Committee chairs lost power to party leaders in the House and the Senate.
The Watergate scandal proved to be a long-term boon to which group? -The Republican establishment -Third-party challengers -Liberal Democrats -Conservative Republicans
Conservative Republicans
The counterculture movement of the 1960s was characterized by what phenomenon? A) Beat culture B) The defense of free enterprise and the war in Vietnam C) Disillusionment with consumer culture and the gulf between rich and poor D) A revolt against authority and middle-class respectability
D) A revolt against authority and middle-class respectability
What made 1968 such a shocking year in American history? A) The shooting of students at Kent State University B) The assassination of President John F. Kennedy C) The My Lai Massacre D) A series of violent clashes, political assassinations, and police brutality
D) A series of violent clashes, political assassinations, and police brutality
Why did most gay men and lesbians remain "in the closet" even after homophile activists began campaigning for gay rights in the 1950s and 1960s? A) Most gay men and lesbians did not believe that they deserved the same rights and protections as other citizens. B) Many gay men and lesbians were activists in other movements and did not have the time to devote to their own struggles. C) Homophile activists adopted respectable dress and behavior that many gays and lesbians found inauthentic. D) It was dangerous to come out because homosexuality was considered immoral and was illegal in many states.
D) It was dangerous to come out because homosexuality was considered immoral and was illegal in many states.
Why did the British journalist Henry Fairley call Kennedy's activism "the politics of expectation"? A) Kennedy's promises raised everyone's expectations. B) Kennedy expected a lot from Americans. C) Kennedy adopted a "wait and see" attitude. D) Many Americans took his inspiring call to service to heart.
D) Many Americans took his inspiring call to service to heart.
Women's liberation activists modeled their ideas, goals, and tactics after which of the following movements? A) The National Organization for Women B) The gay liberation movement C) The New Deal Democrats D) The Black Power movement
D) The Black Power movement
What was the purpose of Operation Rolling Thunder during the Vietnam War? A) To take the war to North Vietnam by invading it B) To carry out a massive ground offensive against the Vietcong C) To invade Laos and Cambodia to shut down supply routes into South Vietnam D) To use air power to weaken North Vietnam's ability to fight
D) To use air power to weaken North Vietnam's ability to fight
Where was President John F. Kennedy assassinated?
Dallas, Texas
Which justice led the U.S. Supreme Court as it shifted toward expanding civil rights and civil liberties after 1954?
Earl Warren
Which statement describes the feminist movement in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s? -The feminist movement had a significant impact only on the lives of white middle-class heterosexual women. -The women's movement declined as soon as feminist activists gained access to highly paid corporate jobs. -It consisted of a relatively small number of women whose activism had a large presence but little effect. -Feminist activism addressed many issues, took a variety of forms, and affected millions of women.
Feminist activism addressed many issues, took a variety of forms, and affected millions of women.
Which pair of men masterminded the 1972 break-in at the Democratic Party's national headquarters in the Watergate complex? -Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward -John Mitchell and John Dean -Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew -G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt
G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt
In 1965, Cesar Chavez helped to organize a major strike in which industry that advanced the cause of Mexican American workers in California?
Grape
Which Supreme Court decision struck down an 1879 state law prohibiting the purchase and use of contraceptive devices by couples as a violation of their constitutional right to privacy? -Roe v. Wade (1973) -Furman v. Georgia (1972) -Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) -Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Why did Richard Nixon seek to befriend both the Soviet Union and China in the 1970s
He believed he could exploit the tensions between them to benefit the United States.
How did Virginia senator Harry F. Byrd respond to the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954?
He called for massive resistance in the South.
Why was Martin Luther King Jr. jailed in Birmingham in 1963?
He had led a peaceful march in the city.
How did President Richard Nixon try to tackle inflation in the 1970s? -He instituted rationing of essential raw materials. -He imposed temporary price and wage controls in 1971. -He asked workers and businesses for voluntary restraint. -He enacted dramatic tax increases.
He imposed temporary price and wage controls in 1971.
Why did President Jimmy Carter have such chilly relations with congressional leaders even from his own party? -He was strongly under the influence of lobbyists. -He was controlled by corporate interests. -He had no respect for their frank religiosity. -He operated with an outsider strategy.
He operated with an outsider strategy.
Why was San Francisco politician Harvey Milk significant? -He was the first openly gay person to win elected office. -He was elected mayor of San Francisco, which was shocking for a gay candidate. -He secured passage of a gay marriage law in California. -He represented the new emerging gay political power.
He represented the new emerging gay political power.
What happened to Richard Nixon when it became clear that he had been involved in the illegal cover-up of Watergate and that he would be convicted by the Senate? -He was impeached by the House of Representatives. -He committed suicide. -He went to jail. -He resigned from office.
He resigned from office.
Which statement describes President Eisenhower's view of civil rights?
He thought the Brown decision was a mistake and did not champion civil rights.
Which group gained media attention in 1969 by occupying the deserted federal penitentiary on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay?
Indians of All Tribes
Why did nearly every major American city struggle to pay its bills in the 1970s? -Inflation and shrinking tax revenues created budget crises. -They had dramatically expanded eligibility for welfare. -They dramatically cut property taxes. -Corruption in urban politics led to waste of funds.
Inflation and shrinking tax revenues created budget crises.
Why did property owners and retirees with fixed incomes suddenly face growing tax bills in California in the late 1970s? -The state government sharply increased tax rates. -Inflation pushed real estate values upward. -The state dropped state income taxes to raise revenue only from property taxes. -Unscrupulous lenders failed to disclose the tax burdens to new property owners.
Inflation pushed real estate values upward.
Why did Israeli-Arab tensions in the region grow closer to boiling over between 1967 and 1973? -Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in 1973. -The nation of Israel refused to recognize Syria, its northern neighbor. -Israel had gained considerable territory in the Six-Day War of 1967. -American oil corporations played Israel against Arab nations.
Israel had gained considerable territory in the Six-Day War of 1967.
What was the significance of the civil rights organization Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
It brought young, educated African Americans into the civil rights movement.
How did the economic decline of the 1970s affect organized labor in the United States? -It encouraged labor unions to strive for stronger cooperation with management. -The process of deindustrialization encouraged more workers to join labor unions to fight for job security. -It decreased the number of union jobs, which hurt union membership and power. -It decreased the number of union jobs but increased wages.
It decreased the number of union jobs, which hurt union membership and power.
Which statement describes the 1970 National Environmental Policy Act? -It focused on the protection of endangered species. -It barely gained passage on partisan votes. -Congress passed the act over Nixon's veto. -It required developers to file environmental impact statements.
It required developers to file environmental impact statements.
How did the War Powers Act of 1973 seek to limit presidential power? -It required the president to secure congressional approval for any substantial deployment of troops abroad. -The act gave Congress the power to recall American troops from any overseas deployment. -It required the Supreme Court to evaluate the constitutionality of a president's commitment of troops. -It stipulated that the National Security Council keep Congress informed about the military status of any overseas intervention.
It required the president to secure congressional approval for any substantial deployment of troops abroad.
Which statement describes the impact of the 1973 Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wade? -It said that states could not prohibit abortion in the first trimester. -It provided for abortion on demand for all women of childbearing age. -It left the question of the legality of abortion up to states. -It prohibited the use of federal funds for abortions.
It said that states could not prohibit abortion in the first trimester.
In the 1970s, the United States faced rising competition in industrial production from which nations? -Japan and the Soviet Union -Japan and West Germany -Canada and Great Britain -China and Australia
Japan and West Germany
This figure, which illustrates America's involvement in Vietnam from 1960 to 1973, supports which conclusion?
Lyndon Johnson's administration was responsible for escalating U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
Which sport did Jackie Robinson integrate in 1947?
Major League Baseball
What conclusion can be drawn from this map, which depicts the 1964 presidential contest between Lyndon Johnson and Barry Goldwater?
Many Southerners had begun to sever their historic ties with the Democrats.
Which development of the 1960s or 1970s did the United States consider a blow to its national pride? -In 1968, the United States had to adopt the gold standard. -Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States dropped considerably in 1971 and 1972. -Nine Western European countries surpassed the United States in GDP per capita by 1980. -U.S. troops were expelled from South Vietnam by the Vietcong in 1972.
Nine Western European countries surpassed the United States in GDP per capita by 1980.
Based on this map, what conclusion can be drawn about the Ho Chi Minh Trail?
North Vietnam used the trail to funnel troops and supplies into South Vietnam.
What was the name of the cartel formed by oil-exporting countries in 1960? -OPEC -PAC -CREEP -EPA
OPEC
Which statement characterizes the historical development of OPEC? -The organization was founded in 1970 by the Persian Gulf states. -OPEC banned foreign oil companies from operating in their territory. -OPEC was ineffective until the mid-1970s when Arab states issued an oil embargo. -OPEC was a cartel operated by Soviet bloc nations.
OPEC was ineffective until the mid-1970s when Arab states issued an oil embargo.
Which book was a major work on women's health published in the 1970s? -Our Bodies, Ourselves -STOP ERA -Silent Spring -The Feminine Mystique
Our Bodies, Ourselves
Which statement reflects the impact of Phyllis Schlafly during the 1970s? -She organized a movement to defeat the Equal Rights Amendment. -She became the female spokesperson for liberalism. -She advocated for government subsidies for contraceptives. -She was the first woman candidate for president.
She organized a movement to defeat the Equal Rights Amendment.
What book from the early 1960s gave an impetus to the environmental movement? -The Feminine Mystique -The Affluent Society -Silent Spring -Unsafe at Any Speed
Silent Spring
Which man led the States' Rights Democratic Party, or Dixiecrats, in 1948?
Strom Thurmond
In his speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, candidate Ronald Reagan said, "Make no mistake. We will not permit the safety of our people or our environmental heritage to be jeopardized, but we are going to reaffirm that the economic prosperity of our people is a fundamental part of our environment." What was Reagan suggesting with these remarks? -That environmental protection would bring greater economic prosperity to the country -That protecting American economic prosperity was just as important, if not more important, as protecting the environment -That the environmental movement was a Communist plot against the United States -That American economic prosperity and care for the environment were wholly incompatible
That protecting American economic prosperity was just as important, if not more important, as protecting the environment
Why were feminists hopeful in the 1960s that the Supreme Court might legalize abortion? -The Court had already made decisions that opened the door to the possibility. -Congress had passed a law legalizing abortion. -Every state legislature had legalized abortion, indicating a consensus. -The female justices on the Court were likely to support abortion rights.
The Court had already made decisions that opened the door to the possibility.
With which piece of legislation did Lyndon Johnson create the Head Start, Job Corps, and Upward Bound programs?
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Why did America's share of world trade drop from 32 percent in 1955 to 18 percent in 1970? -Currency devaluation in China and Europe cheapened American exports. -American consumers were demanding more value from the products they produced. -The United States faced more industrial competition from Germany and Japan. -Countries across the world boycotted American goods because of the Vietnam War.
The United States faced more industrial competition from Germany and Japan.
What conclusion can be drawn from this map, which depicts the effects of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on voter registration in the South?
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 nearly doubled the number of black voters in these states.
President Truman desegregated what area of American life in 1948?
The armed forces
What was the significance of biologist Rachel's Carson's 1962 best seller Silent Spring? -It made Americans aware that atomic war would devastate the planet and the human race. -It publicized the story of the children of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were executed for espionage in 1953. -It raised awareness about the problem of noise pollution in modern industrial societies. -The book described and publicized the harmful effects of toxic chemicals on the environment.
The book described and publicized the harmful effects of toxic chemicals on the environment.
Why did the federal budget deficit grow in the late 1960s? -Presidents Johnson and Nixon cut taxes dramatically. -The drop in foreign imports caused a loss in tariff revenues. -Rising interest rates on the national debt became increasingly burdensome. -The government spent large sums on the Great Society and Vietnam War.
The government spent large sums on the Great Society and Vietnam War.
Why did more than 100,000 people flee their homes in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in March 1979? -A race riot in downtown Harrisburg got out of control. -The reactor core at a nearby nuclear plant nearly melted down. -False reports about a hurricane prompted a panic. -A local evangelist preacher predicted the end of the world that day.
The reactor core at a nearby nuclear plant nearly melted down.
Why did conservatives in Congress push for economic deregulation and tax cuts in the late 1970s? -They argued that Keynesian economics had failed. -They were primarily interested in enriching themselves. -They wanted to ease the tax burden on the poor. -They argued that these moves would increase the federal deficit.
They argued that Keynesian economics had failed.
Why did conservatives, Catholics, and fundamentalist Christians object to the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade? -They believed that abortion involved the immoral taking of an innocent human life. -They argued that abortion should be permitted after the first trimester of pregnancy. -They objected to feminist goals. -They believed that individual women, not the government, should control their bodies.
They believed that abortion involved the immoral taking of an innocent human life.
Based on the study of the Campbell Works of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, what happened to most laid-off steelworkers in the late 1970s? -They retired early. -They moved elsewhere. -They remained unemployed. -They found local work in low-paying, service-sector jobs.
They found local work in low-paying, service-sector jobs.
How did Democratic "Watergate babies" in Congress attempt to decentralize power in Washington? -They strengthened the existing committee structure in both houses. -They passed a bill expanding the lobbying activities of former elected officials. -They reduced the number of votes needed to end a filibuster in the Senate. -They reestablished the House Un-American Activities Committee.
They reduced the number of votes needed to end a filibuster in the Senate.
Which statement describes President Richard Nixon's overtures to the Soviet Union and China in the 1970s?
They represented a new foreign policy strategy.
Why were conservative Republicans critical of Richard Nixon during his presidency? -They knew he was engaged in illegal activities. -They thought that he was too conciliatory toward -China and the Soviet Union. -They regretted Nixon's decision to avoid nuclear weapons in Vietnam. -They blamed Nixon for deindustrialization.
They thought that he was too conciliatory toward China and the Soviet Union.
What characterized the affirmative action programs instituted in the 1960s and 1970s? -They were deliberate efforts to punish white Americans for their historical privilege. -They were an unjust violation of American meritocracy. -They were rigid quota systems that replaced white workers with minorities. -They were procedures designed to account for the disadvantaged position of minorities.
They were procedures designed to account for the disadvantaged position of minorities.
Why did OPEC nations initiate an oil embargo on the United States in 1973? To raise prices and maximize their profits To help the Soviet Union appeal to Third World nations To reduce U.S. consumption and thus avoid an oil shortage To punish the United States for supporting Israel in the Yom Kippur War
To punish the United States for supporting Israel in the Yom Kippur War
What conclusion can be drawn from this map of the three-way presidential election of 1968?
Voters in the Deep South in 1968 chose their candidate based on his ideology, not his party affiliation.
As part of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society initiatives, the Metro and BART public transportation systems were created in which cities?
Washington, D.C., and San Francisco
This graph, which illustrates fluctuations in the poverty rate in the United States between 1959 and 2000, supports what conclusion?
While the percentage of the population in poverty fell during the 1960s, Lyndon Johnson failed to eradicate poverty.
The gains of the women's movement in the 1970s included -the ability of women to vote. -abortion rights. -the appointment of the first female Supreme Court justice. -ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.
abortion rights.
The U.S. economy experienced "stagflation" in the 1970s when -consumer prices dropped suddenly. -unemployment and inflation rates rose dramatically. -the level of consumer borrowing declined suddenly. -banks lowered their interest rates unexpectedly.
unemployment and inflation rates rose dramatically.