Chapters 7 and 8

One way that AARP has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members. A. pluralism B. selective C. public good C. free-rider

B. Selective

________ is the single most important political act for most Americans. A. Peaceful protest B. Voting C. Writing a letter to the editor D. Canvassing E. Contributing to political campaigns

B. Voting

________ is the single most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes. A. Race B. Geography C. Education level D. Age

C. Education level

About ________ percent of eligible voters turn out for midterm congressional elections. A. 50 B. 10 C. 61 D. 33 E. 76

D. 33

____________ Occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress A. Internal mobilization B. An electoral realignment C. Seditious Government D. Divided Party Government E. External Mobilization

D. Divided Party Government

The Tea Party movement is A. the now-defunct party that gave way to the Republican Party at the end of the "Second Party System." B. an offspring of the Green Party that runs for state and local office in many Midwestern states. C. an organized challenge to incumbents in the Democratic Party by the most liberal wing of the Democratic Party. D. an organized challenge to incumbents in the Republican Party by the most conservative wing of the Republican Party. E. an official third party that challenges both Democrats and Republicans in national elections.

D. an organized challenge to incumbents in the Republican Party by the most conservative wing of the Republican Party.

The Christian Coalition is a(n) _________ group. A. business B. public interest C. professional D. ideological E. labor

D. ideological

The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations are examples of ________. A. public interest groups B. business groups C. ideological groups D. labor groups E. professional associations

D. labor groups

The New Politics movement gave rise to ________ groups. A. labor B. partisan C. ideological D. public interest E. professional association

D. public interest

Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people A. who identify as Democrats. B. from the lower socioeconomic levels. C. who do not participate in politics. D. with higher levels of income and education. E. who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations.

D. with higher levels of income and education

________ occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress. A. External mobilization B. Divided party government C. An electoral realignment D. Internal mobilization E. Seditious government

Divided party government

____________ is the single most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes. A. Geography B. Race C. Religious affiliation D. Age E. Education Level

E. Education Level

What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials? A. legitimacy B. money C. legal assistance D. campaign workers E. information

E. Information

Under the Constitution, ________ has/have the power to regulate elections. A. the president B. none of the above C. Congress D. state legislatures E. the Federal Election Commission

State Legislatures

A political party is an organization A. that collects fees from its members in order to pay the salaries of government officials. B. that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office. C. that influences the government through fund-raising. D. that was considered seditious until the twentieth century. E.established by the Constitution to nominate candidates.

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

Incumbents in Congress A. are typically challenged by strong opponents in their own party in the primary and by the opposition party in the general election. B. rarely get re-elected due to the dismal approval rating of Congress as an institution. C. typically are outspent in campaigns by their challengers. D. are highly likely to be challenged by women. E.typically raise three times the money for their political campaigns than challengers

typically raise three times the money for their political campaigns than challengers

Historically, realignments occur A. when new issues combine with economic or political crises to mobilize new voters and persuade large numbers of voters to reexamine their traditional partisan loyalties. B. when Congress approves of them. C. approximately every 10 years. D. only when the Constitution is amended. E. after midterm congressional elections but not after presidential elections.

when new issues combine with economic or political crises to mobilize new voters and persuade large numbers of voters to reexamine their traditional partisan loyalties

"Me too" Republicanism refers to A. the tendency of southern Republican politicians after the Civil War to demand that all federal laws apply equally to the northern and southern states. B. an ideology that argues for more representative government and less direct democracy. C. an ideology that argues a strong federal government should promote economic equality. D. the tendency of northern Republican politicians after the Civil War to demand that all federal laws favor the northern states over the southern states. E. the tendency of Republican politicians during the New Deal to support popular programs such as Social Security rather than advocate alternative policies.

. the tendency of Republican politicians during the New Deal to support popular programs such as Social Security rather than advocate alternative policies.

When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is called a __________. A. Material Benefit B. Promotion Offer C. Purposive Benefit D. Solidary Benefit E. Bribe

A. Material Benefit

A loose, informal relationship of public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called ________. A. an issue network B. an iron triangle C. a membership association D. a 527 committee E. the New Politics movement

A. an issue network

The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that A. interests should be free to compete with each other for governmental influence. B. interest groups are factions that endanger political and economic equality. C. the public good should always trump individual interests. D. democracy is best served by legalizing and regulating the influence of interest groups. E. interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.

A. interests should be free to compete with each other for governmental influence

Which of the following statements is true about political participation? African Americans hardly participate in politics at all, while Latinos participate at extraordinarily high levels. Latinos barely participate in politics, while African Americans participate at extraordinarily high levels. Whites hardly participate in politics at all, while African Americans and Latinos participate at extraordinarily high levels. African Americans and Latinos are less likely to participate in politics than whites. African Americans and Latinos participate in politics at the same levels as whites.

African Americans and Latinos are less likely to participate in politics than whites.

An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between A. the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups. B. a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency. C. an interest group, an executive agency, and the media. D. a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts. E. the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts.

B. a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

The fact that interest groups favor the wealthy and well educated can be understood as a reflection of what eternal dilemma in American politics? A. Democracy has not been helpful in reducing the number of factions. B. There are no efficient means of organizing the working class in the United States. C. Liberty is often inconsistent with equality. D. Organized associations and groups inhibit freedom. E. It is difficult to have majority rule and also protect minority rights.

C. Liberty is often inconsistent with equality.

Successful interest groups quickly become ________. A. rich B. legally prohibited C. bureaucratized D. corrupted E. outdated

C. bureaucratized

It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because A. these interests often want to stay hidden from public view. B. there are no legitimate interests that do not already have representation. C. there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands. D. there are no constitutional means for unorganized interests to compete for attention.

C. there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands.

State Ballot Acces Laws, such as registration fees and petition requirements, have the effect of A. decreasing the importance of soft money in election campaigns B. reducing the number of people who are willing to vote for third party candidates C. Increasing the number of people who are willing to vote for third party candidates D. Increasing the number of third-party independent candidates who can run for office E. Reducing the number of third party and independent candidates who can run for office

E. Reducing the number of third party and independent candidates who can run for office

Which of the following statements is true about political participation? A. Neither young people nor older people participate much in politics. B. Young people are just as likely to participate in politics as older people. C. Older people are far less likely to participate in politics than younger people. D. Both old people and young people participate in politics at a very high level. E. Young people are far less likely to participate in politics than older people.

E. Young people are far less likely to participate in politics than older people

The practice of lobbying is protected by ________. A. internal rules of Congress B. state and federal laws dating from the 1930s C. a 1961 Supreme Court decision D. the personal relationships between lobbyists and politicians E. the First Amendment

E. the First Amendment

From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the ________ Party was the party of the North, while the ________ Party was the party of the South. A. Democratic; Republican B. Federalist; Whig C. Socialist; Republican D. Republican; Democratic E. Whig; Federalist

Republican; Democratic

An individual's psychological attachment to one party or another is called a party ________. A. opinion B. tradition C. ideology D. value system E. identification

identification

State ballot access laws, such as registration fees and petition requirements, have the effect of A. reducing the number of third-party and independent candidates who can run for office. B. decreasing the importance of soft money in election campaigns. C. increasing the number of third-party and independent candidates who can run for office. D. increasing the number of people who are willing to vote for third-party candidates. E. reducing the number of people who are willing to vote for third-party candidates.

reducing the number of third-party and independent candidates who can run for office.

The free-rider problem occurs because A. the government subsidizes most forms of transportation in the United States. B. members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public-opinion polls. C. the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers. D. members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation. E. the benefits of a group's actions are available only to a specific segment of society.

the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.